| Road traffic accidents account for more than80%of the safety production accidents and become the number-one killer in the field of production safety. Research proved that more than95%of the traffic collision accidents are caused by driver errors. Therefore, researching on the effect of driving behaviors to road traffic safety and proposing corresponding measures to improve risk management become very important.Based on the collection and access to relevant literature, systematic review was given to the driver cognitive behavior and the driver reliability at home and abroad. The driving behavior was analyzed by the questionnaires, dirving simulation experiments, human risk analyses and fault tree analyses in the software of Relex, and the main factors that impacted the driver cognitive behaviors were obtained. The regression models of the driving errors in different driving conditions were got though the regression analysis. At the samt time, this paper also conducted the risks analysis evaluation and fault tree analysis to the driving process. The main research contents and conclusions in this paper are as follows:(1)According to the human error mechanism in the general industrial process and the driver cognitive process, the driver cognitive mechanism was investigated. Based on the influence of the environment to drivers and the importance of the environmental cognition, the cognitive environment was divided into three categories, including driver-vehicle environment, traffic flow environment and road traffic environment. Then the three categories were detailed to41specifical influencing factors. At the same time, the model of drivers’cognitive behaviors was put forward on the the basis of the driver cognitive mechanism.(2)Based on the41factors that affect the driver on environment cognition, a questionnaire was designed to conduct a survey for finding the influence factors that impact the driver cognitive behaviors, and return rate was74.2%. The data from recycled effective questionnaires were analyzed by using the principal component analysis method and the method combining fuzzy Delphi with gray Delphi. The analysis results of the two methods were compared and summarized by crossing method, and19major indicators that affect driving behavior were obtained.(3)The indoor driving simulation experiments were conducted in different road conditions that include the highway, urban road during the sunny day and rainy day and so on. The data of correlation between the incidence of driver errors and fatigue, heart rate, mood stability, reaction time, speed estimation, deep vision were obtained. These data were analysed by the means of single factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that the changes of these seven factors will affect the incidence of driver errors. The regression equations of driver errors were obtained in different kinds of road conditions. At the same time, the values of R2of all equations are above0.85. Therefore, these equations can realize the effective prediction for driver errors.(4)A process tree was established for the drive process. The driving processes were conducted risk assessment by using the module of the human factors risk analysis in the reliability software Relex. Meanwhile, three high-risk processes of cognitive errors, judgment errors and no seasonable executing instructions were found out in driving processes. The corresponding control measures were also provided for these high-risk driving processes.(5) Taken the road traffic accident as top event, the fault tree was established. The road traffic accidents were quantitatively analyzed by using fault tree analysis (FTA) in the reliability software Relex. Finally, the occurrence probability of the top events and the frequency of the driving error in a minute were obtained, which provide a reference for the prevention of the road traffic accidents. |
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