| In this study, according to Statistical Yearbook County and land-use Situation of Baiquan, using ecology science and statistics methods, thoroughly analysis was the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus/ecological deficit, the value of ecosystem services, ecological compensation of Baiquan County within27years, in order to improve the ecological compensation mechanism of Baiquan County, set up to provide a reference for other areas. Main conclusion draw from the research:1) Within27years, the total ecological footprint of Baiquan County obviously changed, during1980to1986year Ecological Footprint was declining trend, because of land use was unreasonable, the high ecological footprint in1980year. During1987to2006year the Government of Baiquan County had been stepped up efforts in ecological protection, so that good eco-environment change had been made; However, with the development and progress of society, agriculture has expanded, the introduction of high-tech agricultural technology, agricultural using efficiency of Baiquan country has increased year by year, and ecological footprint has increased year by year. However, compared with the high ecological footprint during1980s, the ecological footprint had been increased because of large-scale economic development.2)In Baiquan County per capita ecological carrying capacity have been increasing in each year from1980to2006. However, it was opposite with an annual decline in per capita ecological carrying capacity diametrically in Heilongjiang Province. In recent years, Baiquan County has been to improve the ecological environment, land carrying capacity was improved, and there was no significant inprovement in population, thus increasing the per capita ecological carrying capacity. During1980to2006, in the composition of per capita ecological carrying capacity of Baiquan country, the largest proportion of arable land, forest land and fossil energy land second, the grass are again, followed by construction sites, the waters were the smallest proportion..3) From1980to1985year, Baiquan County statued with the ecological deficit, Ecological footprint was greater than the ecological carrying capacity, At that time, the ecological carrying capacity had been unable to meet the ecological environment of the destruction, which appeared ecological deficit, so that the phenomenon of natural disasters frequent happened and agricultural production had been lagged behind. A marked improvement appeared after1985because of the standardization of agricultural production guidance and management of scale by Baiquan County Government. From1986to2006year, Baiquan country appeared ecological surplus, though the ecological construction over the past few years, A sound ecological environment and Enormous ecological surplus make that Baiquan country become the typical areas of good ecological environment in HeiLongjiang Province. However, from1985to2006year, Baiquan country was the ecological surplus status on the whole, but the grassland and waters had been in ecological deficit status, and it was increased more seriously year-on-year.4) During1980to2006year, the total value of ecosystem services of Baiquan County had been growing. the value of forest land, water body, bare land was increased, and the remaining land-use types are reduced within27years in Baiquan County. Due to increased volume maked up for the loss of reduction, so the quality of ecosystem services value had been in the increasing trend. The sum of farmland, forest and grassland area was nearly90percent, but the value of ecosystem services was less than the contribution rate of87percent. In the all types of ecosystems, water bodies has the significantly contribution on the ecosystem services value.5) During27years, the value of the highest ecological compensation was reduced after the first increase in two stages:From1980to1988year, the maximum value of ecological compensation was decreasing in Baiquan County; From1989to2006years, the value of maximum of ecological compensation had been increased year by year. In1988year, the value of ecosystem compensation fell the lowest point, after it increased by the ups and downs.Based on the results of ecological footprint calculation, Baiquan County ecological compensation value had four phases during27years:(1) From1980to1985years, it’s the ecological deficit stage;(2)From1986to1993years, the ecological compensation value was in growth stage. In1989year, ecological Footprint was the lowest point, the ecological surplus was negative, then increased year by year, Ecological compensation constants are also negative, and since1986year, both are ecological compensation constants are Positive.(3) From1994to2003, ecology compensation value had been in stability Stage;(4) From2004to2006, the eco-compensation value was in decline stage.6) In1986year, Baiquan County was listed as the focus county in Heilongjiang, implement soil and water Maintain and eco-development strategies, After20years of effort, Baiquan County successfully carry out the project of returning farmland to forest, eco-agriculture counties score significantly. Although the ecological construction well in Baiquan County, but relatively backward state of the economy, it should be taken the measures such as setting up ecological compensation standards, making a clear principle of compensation, determining compensation for the target,achieving its socio-economic and ecological environment of sustainable development. |
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