| The21st century is the one of environmental protection. With the organization ofsociety, the organizational division of labor in the field of environmental protection isalso increasingly clear in China. From political parties and governments, to enterprisesand Non-governmental Organizations, there are more or less special organizations andagencies of environmental protection. Refer to the party in power, it lead the EuropeanGreen Party’s political participation process into comparing with the ChineseCommunist Party’s leadership position in the environmental protection. So the mainrole of political parties in environmental protection is reflected in the field of thoughtleadership; Dunlap proposed a theory about three competitive functions of environment.Combining with the Government’s environmental protection measures， it analyses thefunctions of governments in environmental protection, such as maintaining the supplydepot function of the environment, expanding the residence of the environment,reducing the burden of environmental waste repository. Furthermore, the governmentdivide environmental function zoning in order to easing the conflicts between the abovethree functions, all of them reflects the Government’s leading role in environmentalprotection. As the most extensive economic entities, enterprises’ environmentalfunctions can be divided into the protection (positive function) and sabotage(anti-function) of the environment. By finding the reasons why the enterprises damagethe environment, it summed up the focal point to promoting the enterprises toparticipate in environmental protection. And it promotes the enterprises to take theprimary responsibility for the environmental protection truly. About the NGOs, itfocused on the dedicated environmental NGO in the field of environmental protection.It selects some NGOs that currently active in the area of domestic environmentalprotection, such as Greenpeace, Friends of Nature, the Global Village. As cases, itoutlines their main features, and highlights the environmental NGOs’ action in themicroscopic fields and grass-roots level of environmental protection. Then it not only promotes the cause of environmental protection, but also demonstrates the breadth ofthe environmental NGOs participation in environmental protection.Not only individually analyzed the environmental function of the ruling party,governments, enterprises and NGOs, and also summarized their shortcomings inenvironmental protection. We must realize that, confronting the complex task ofenvironmental protection, any organization is not able to finish it by itself. In theprocess of environmental governance, every organization exposed its own shortcomings by different levels, such as "market failure","government failure" and"voluntary failure". So if we want to get the victory in the cause of environmentalprotection, all social forces must be integrated in the organizational division of laborbased on the collaboration. Environmental protection can not be separated from theCPC leadership, the government’s policies and legislation, the enterprises’ implement ofenvironmental policy, and the people’s legitimate participation and supervision. As theRepresentatives of public force, environmental protection NGOs is independent fromgovernment and business. It links them, sometimes acts as a catalyst and sometimesplays the role of lubricant. The environmental protection pattern of China can beroughly summarized as follows: the CPC is the leader, the government is the main bodyof environmental protection, enterprises are the main actors in environmentalgovernance, ENGOs and the public participation are in the collaborative model. Onlythe all society take part in it and the social organization achieve the necessary divisionof labor and cooperation reasonably, we can realize the harmonious development of thehuman and nature. |
