Quantitative Risk Assessment Applied And Research In The Gathering And Transportation Stations Of Gas-oil

The oil and gas field gathering stations in the ground oil-gas fields, it is recovery of crude oil or natural gas gathering, storage, preliminary processing and handling from oil well or gas well; It is a hub of the ground oil field gas gathering and transportation, and is also a high risk exists place. And at the process of the station in design,installation,and used, It is inevitable be effect by man-made and oil-gas impurities corrosion, or other factors. To some extent, increases the risk level of it. In this paper, we combined the characteristics of the Changqing Oil-Gas Gathering station with our research work, we have analysised the structure of it’s Quantitative risk evaluation technology, respectively from the risk analysis, risk identification and accident consequences simulation, the three aspects of it risk of quantitative evaluation techniques are studied, forming the gathering and transportation stations on the risk of the theory and method of quantitative evaluation.This paper mainly in the following several aspects of the research content:1、This paper analysis the risk of the gathering and transportation stations and the status of quantitative risk assessment technical status, this paper also points out that the research background of the gathering and transportation stations risk assessment, and analyzes the gathering and transportation stations risk assessment in operation safe and economical aspects of the research significance and necessity.2、This paper summarized the quantitative risk assessment technology research situation, the evaluation method and common development of the evaluation method, this paper analyzes the gathering and transportation stations of risk assessment, to construct gathering and transportation stations for quantifying risk evaluation system technical of the Changqing oilfield route to lay the foundation. In order to establish comparatively perfect and actual the stations risk assessment system, this paper analysis the risk identification and hazard analysis identification of the station, including the risk of material, process and equipment, human factors influence risk aspects of gathering and transportation stations for dangerous and harmful factors are identified, and according to the distinguished result, to stand in the distribution of the dangerous and harmful factors grouped for gathering and transportation stations of the safety assessment of qualitative and quantitative analysis to provide the basis.3、Due to the fault tree analysis(FTA) is intuitionistic and concise, we used this method for the stations in this paper, mainly including the pressure vessel and pipelines structure, the failure modes and the analysis of the affecting factors. That failure accident of each tree of minimum cut set, calculated the each bottom event structure important degree coefficient, according to the structure of the important events each degree coefficient values. confirm the equipment failure of the main factors that affect the reliability of the system of the main factors, and system of the weak link, accordingly can take corresponding prevention measures to increase the safety of gathering and transportation stations.4、Before use the PHAST software to analyze specific stations, in view of the gathering and transportation stations are likely to leak and diffusion, fire, explosion and the important theory of accident mechanism analysis, this paper analyzes the leakage and diffusion of source types, characteristics and speed, and the principle of fire and explosion and its characteristic, summarizes the common fire and explosion model, including steam cloud explosion model, flash fire model and pool fire model, and the specific example analysis after lay the foundation.5.In this case, we main select the Crude oil station in Changqing oil field gathering and transportation for example analysis, include natural gas and leak oil spill.Base on the geographical location of the stations, the weather conditions, the main equipments and materials in the station, and analysis the risks of the material in the station carefully, and equipment failure after the materials leakage and diffusion, the possibility of accident type, then use the quantitative risk analysis software simulation the crude oil storage tanks and natural gas tank leakage, obtain the consequences of the corresponding simulation.It is concluded that the corresponding accident simulation diagram, and analysis of the accident consequences and influence detailly. Finally, using the software assessment the stations on the overall risk level again, got whole level of risk of the stations. The innovation points are:1. Puts forward the structure of the gathering and transportation stations risk assessment, structure the quantitative risk assessment and the risk analysis system technology roadmap of the stations.2.Using the fault tree analysis (FTA) for the equipment in stations, mainly including pressure vessels and piping in the station failure fault tree analysis, determine the cause of the main factors equipment failure, and summarizes the gathering and transportation stations system equipment failure rule.3. Combined with the actual situation of Changqing oil field, using quantitative risk analysis software for crude oil station to quantify the risk analysis, especially focusing on accident in the main equipment simulation and evaluation result, formed a set of the theory and method of quantitative risk assessment about the gathering and transportation stations.