Evaluation On The Present Environmental Quality Of Rural Drinking Water Sources In Jingzhou City And Research On Its Sustainable Development

The project for rural drinking water safety is an important infrastructure, which relates to rural residents’ genuine interests such as the survival of rural residents, their living and the production. At present, rural water supply in our country is mainly done by traditional and backward scattered facility, and it is quite different from that of urban water supply, there are quite a lot of problems for drinking water safety, and it is also one of the urgent rural problems for our country to solve. It will not only influence people’s physical and psychological health and normal life, also is a instable factor of countryside, meanwhile, it has maladjusted to the rapid development of the countryside situation, and has become the factors that restrict further development of rural areas. Water source is rich in Jingzhou prefecture, the reason for the inability to guarantee the safety of drinking water to local residents is that the exploitation and utilization of water source is in lack of unified planning and protection awareness which causes the constantly pollution and deterioration of water environment. Therefore, how to strengthen the status of water source management in solving rural drinking water safety is significant to protect the sustainable use of water environment and source. On the other hand,it is meaningful to improve the level of lives in rural areas, implement the scientific concept of development and construct the harmonious societyInvestigation and analysis results show that overall situation of the quality of drinking water source in Jingzhou prefecture is not so optimistic. only19out of44rural water source water are up to national standards, the target rate of water source is43.2%.only4out of10river type water sources are in grade Ⅱ, and5of them in tape Ⅲ class,one belongs to the bad kind of water quality. only4out of12lakes type water source are up to standard, five belongs to stand (Ⅳ) water quality, and2belongs to the grade Ⅴ standard water quality, one belongs to the poor Ⅴ water quality. Only6out of22groundwater water source are good, the rest are poor.Looking from surface water environment quality, water quality of mainstream of Jingzhou Yangtze River from Jingzhou section is comparably better, and it meets the requirements of functional districts. The water quality of the branch of the Yangtze River Juzhang estuary section exceeds bid. In these lakes, the total containing of nitrogen and phosphorus in Changhu Lake and Honghu Lake exceed normal standard, Sanhu’s chemical oxygen demand (cod) exceeds bid badly. Changhu lake water quality belongs to grade V. The major pollution indicators are total nitrogen, and the nutrition level is light eutrophication. Honghu’s water quality has been improved in recent years, but the water quality of it still belongs to stand (Ⅳ), and hasn’t been up to the requirements of function division, mainly because the total nitrogen exceeds bid, the nutrition level belonging to moderate one. The water around Jingzhou city is inorganic pollution, some rivers dominated by the city such as moat in Jingzhou district, Jingsha river, Main West canal, Guhu canal and Bian river have been suffered from severe pollution, their water quality beyond the limits of stand (V), and the main pollutants are chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus and so on, it performs the characteristics of organic pollution. As to the surface water which is not suitable for drinking, formulating total amount of pollutant control goal and proposing the pollution load cut task are the need for improving water source environment quality and sustainable development. In formulating the total amount of pollutant control scheme, based on the evaluation of water source of drinking water environment, select those water source which exceeds bid from the water source of drinking water, analysis the main overweight factors and multiple exceeds bid, confirming the main pollution factors and the projects which need pollution load cut. As for Large rivers and lakes and reservoir type of water source, its pollution total amount control is made according to area function division (or watershed planning) pollution total amount control plan and the total capacity of the city control. As to the small lake and reservoir type of water source, the calculation method can be used to determine the capacity amount control scheme.The groundwater water source commonly exceeds bid in Jingzhou prefecture, especially in Honghu prefecture. The major pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, total coliforms, manganese and iron. The reason that groundwater quality is ineligible is soil being in loose, phreatic aquifer liable to pollution caused by life and agricultural non-point source pollution geological penetration. As for Ammonia nitrogen exceeding bid, the main reason is the life sewage and agricultural production such as chemical fertilizers emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of material, through the underground runoff, then pollute groundwater. Total coliform group exceed bid may be due to defect of water disinfection technology equipment of water supplier. Here, suggestions are made to strengthen the four-lake basin water pollution prevention and control of it and to construct facilities for central treatment of sewage, to ensure the related equipment supporting construction of waterworks conform to the standard. Meanwhile, guide the countryside to develop clean planting and breeding, clamp down distributed livestock and poultry, control rural life source, agricultural source, livestock farming and aquaculture and so on. In order to water environment protection, it is necessary to return cultivated land to forest and grass, and to ban the pesticide chemical fertilizer.To ensure drinking water safety for rural areas in Jingzhou, the following measures should be taken for environmental protection:1) ensure that the water quality of the upland water of river-type water sources reaches the standard, change that water source region that are of poor water quality and unreasonable location as soon as possible;2) drinking water source in urgent need of protection should be protected firstly.3) make people in protection areas move to other places;4) make the related institutes reply to drinking water supply scheme for dividing the reserve as soon as possible, set up mark facilities for water source of drinking water;5) strengthen routine monitoring of water quality, make emergency plan for water source;6) provide residents in water protection areas and upstream with environmental protection propaganda education, encourage the public to participate in water source protection together;7) the environmental protection bureau should sent specialized personnel together with relevant departments to strengthen water environment management and evaluation, and arrange the very person for water environmental management responsibility.