The Occurrence And Risk Assessment Of Typical PPCPs In Drinking Water Sources In A City

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products?PPCPs?include all kinds of prescription and non-prescription drugs and daily care supplies.With the improvement of living conditions and medical level,up to now,there are more than 4000 species of PPCPs being widely applied to all aspects of human life,and the number of species of PPCPs has been increasing year by year.A large number of use of PPCPs made a false persistence in the environmental media.The exposure to the environment for a long time threatens the health of human body.On the one hand,some PPCPs themselves will directly enter the human body through drinking water and food and other channels;on the other hand,some PPCPs will make some bacteria,virus resistant and then threaten human body indirectly.Recent years,more and more countries and regions begin to pay attention to this kind of emerging organic pollutants.The research of PPCPs in China starts lately and the research in the drinking water sources is still empty.This paper chose 10 species of PPCPs which are used most and detected most frequently?Sulfamethoxazole,Sulfadiazine,Tetracycline,Oxytetracycline,Ofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin,Erythromycin,Roxithromycinid,Ibuprofen,Naproxen?as the target objects.The analysis mothod for 10 PPCPs in water and sediment was established and optimized.The occurrence of 10 PPCPs in the typical drinking water sources was studyed and the ecological risk of 10 PPCPs was assesed.The main results wre as follows:?The solid phase extraction-super high performance liquid phase-mass spectrometry?SPE-UPLC-MS?analysis method for 10 kinds of target PPCPs in water samples was established and optimized.The effects of pH,solid phase extraction column type and other factors on the effect of sample pretreatment were studied.The type of chromatographic column,mobile phase and different chromatographic conditions were optimized.Ion source selection and optimization of MS were optimized.Finally,the recovery is higher than 50%.The R² of the good linearity reaches 0.999.The wide linear range is 0.05⁵00?g·L^-1.The low detection limit and the quantitative limit were also acquired.?The ultrasonic extraction-SPE-UPLC-MS analysis method of 10 kinds of target PPCPs in sediment was established and optimized.The method of ultrasonic extraction was mainly optimized.The mixed solution phosphate buffer and acetonitrile was as the extraction solution to extract the target objects adequately.The method which recovery is higher than 50%and reproducibility is good met the requirements of research and determination.?The occurrence of 10 kinds of target PPCPs in the typical drinking water sources was researched.The analysis results showed that:There were significant differences in PPCPs concentrations in water and sediments respectly.The highest concentration of the targets in water reaches 248.445ng·L^-11 however in sediment only 4.324ng·L^-1.The concentration of PPCPs in water is significantly higher than that of the sediment.The major pollutants of PPCPs in drinking water sources were Ibuprofen?aqueous phase?and Naproxen?sediments?in this research.?The quantitative ecological risk assessment was carried out on the PPCPs of water and sediments in the typical drinking water source with the risk quotients.The results showed that the risk of 10 PPCPs in most typical drinking water source was medium and low,and the ratio of the low risk was more.Only these kinds of PPCPs like Tetracycline,Oxytetracycline,Ciprofloxacin in few sites showed high risk,then we should pay attention to the ecological risk.Comparing to these objects,Ibuprofen and Naproxen which concentration was high showed low ecological risk.