Plant Biodiversity Investigation And Protection Strategy Of Earthen Heritage Sites In Northwestern China

Earthen heritage site(EHS) takes soil as the main building materials, it has historical, cultural and scientific value of the ancient ruins. The deteriorations of the EHS were divided into the two major types:the nature breakage and the man breakage. The nature breakage includes slice-peeling, recess, cranny, gulch, biological damage.At present, for the protection of EHS, mainly in the field of engineering, architecture, etc, there is no reports for the use of plant protection EHS. By collating and analyzing literatures that they are plant slope protection mechanism and a small amount of the relationship between the plant and EHS, etc.we found that the relationship between EHS and plant is duplicity, On the one hand, plant communities can reduce wind erosion and water erosion of EHS around the EHS, while the dwarf can reduce the rain erosion of EHS; on the other hand,macrophyte can cause damage to EHS,the destruction mainly manifested in its root system can increase the EHS’cracks, make them more vulnerable to wind erosion, rain erosion and water erosion. So the research on the relationship between EHS and plant,it will provide new train of thought and new technology for EHS protection.Selected the typical EHS in northwest China, for example, the Great Wall,ancient city,Emperor’s Tomb. By investigating EHS around the plant situation, describing the influence of plant on soil sites, combining EHS basic train of thought and vegetation conditions, to establish a plant community in a positive effect to the protection of EHS. At the same time, by describing the EHS’plant community of geographic information, to establish plant community of foundation database in northwest EHS,it provides basic data for research on the relationship between EHS and plant.Research conclusion is mainly through eight aspects to show:(1)Flora:①There are all444species in this Seed plants survey in the Loess Plateau’s the Great Wall, Compositae is the richest family, consists of38genera and82species. There are4areal-types and4subtypes in the family level flora, and13areal-types and11subtypes in the genus level.2genera are endemic to China, they are belonging to Compositae and Umbelliferae. This area has complex geographical elements and rich plant species, the Old World Temperate&the North Temperate are dominated flora.2rare and endangered species are found with low protection level.②There are all107species in this Seed plants survey in the Ming Dynasty’s the Great Wall.which are belonging to79genera and26families.Chenopodiaceae is the richest family, consists of13genera and21species. There are4areal-types and3subtypes in the family level flora, and12areal-types and9subtypes in the genus level.1genus is endemic to China, it is Hexinia of Compositae. This area has simple geographical elements and poor plant species, the Mediterranea,C.Asia to C.Asia&the North Temperate are dominated flora.4species are rare and endangered species,1specie is National level of protection plant,other species are National Secondary protection plant.③There are all25species in this Seed plants survey in Jiaohe city and BeiTing city in xinjiang uygur autonomous region. which are belonging to23genera and12families.Chenopodiaceae is the richest family. This area has simple geographical elements and poor plant species, the Mediterranea,C.Asia to C.Asia is dominated flora.④Based on the investigation to the xixia tomb, LingDa plants is almost Halogeton glomeratus, the surrounding plants mainly consists Artemisia scoparia, survey area of plant species is relatively single; very single geographic components, the Old World Temperate&the North Temperate are dominated flora.(2)Plant Community:①There are all9Formations in this survey in the Warring States&Qin’s the Great Wall in Loess Plateau,which are belonging to6Vegetation subtype,5Vegetation type and3Vegetation type group, there are7Formations of Steppe Vegetation type group,Stipa capillata Formation and Thymus mongolicus Formation are common in the Steppe Vegetation type group; These conlusions shows that the area is typical Steppe Vegetation type,with some other in temperate vegetation types.②There are all16Formations in this survey in the Ming Dynasty’s the Great Wall in Hexi Region,which are belonging to10Vegetation subtype,5Vegetation type and5Vegetation type group, there are9Formations of Desert Vegetation type group, Reaumuria songarica Formation and Haloxylon ammodendron Formation are common in the Desert Vegetation type group,These conlusions shows that the area is typical temperate desert Vegetation type,with some other in temperate vegetation types. BeiTing city and Jiaohe city’s plant communities with basically the same in hexi area.③There are Halogeton glomeratus Formation and Artemisia scoparia Formation in Xixia tomb.(3)Based on the research of the EHS’plants, found that the flora has changed a lot, but the main building with local groups are basically identical.But the main build groups and local groups is basically identical,.these conclusion contribute to supply the basic principles of plant species selection for the use of plants to protect EHS, namely the flora belongs to the mainstream flora of the region.④By the investigation, the actual observation and research on the literature of plant community ecological effect, it provides levels of plant community screening for protecting EHS. The levels of plant community screening is divided into three layers:①From EHS’area of0.5km,in order to form a shelter forest,we choice of tall trees, it can reduce wind erosion.②Between the EHS itself and shelter forest, we select the brush,it can reduce water erosion.③On the EHS’ ontology, we select plant community that it has small root system and higher coverage, it it can reduce rain erosion.⑤There are two principles for plant community screening:①we select the local common arbor communities and brush in EHS outside.②we select the local local small shrubs and perennial herb in EHS’ontology.⑥By studying flora and plant community building theory, we put forward three principles of plant species selection for EHS.①If it is main plant community builders in the region, the species must be selected.②If its floristic characteristics must belong to the mainstream flora of the region, the species must be selected.③If it is a perennial herbs or small shrubs, the species must be selected.(7)By establishing the northwest EHS’plant database, understanding EHS’preservation and conservation from the large scale,monitoring change of EHS plants, It provides more sufficient basis for further study on the relationship between.(8)By establishing the northwest EHS’plant specimens library,It provides more reference for further survey on EHS’plant.