Research On The Well-being Of Peasant-workers Based On The Capabilities Approach

With the social development and the economic transition, masses of surplus laborers are saved from the rural holdings, and they starts their way to swarm in cities, who become a special group in such a period, i.e. peasant-workers, however, their contribution to the urban construction doesn't earn their corresponding return at all, which not only impacts on their enthusiasm of working-out, cause series of problems such as peasant-worker shortage, but also does harm to the healthy development of society and economy. Therefore, it is of a great significance to research on peasant-workers'happiness, living standard and working conditions, such as improving their life conditions, boosting their satisfactory, and promoting coordinated development of society and economy.It should be admitted that the research on peasant-workers is rare currently, and the relevant researches is just the depiction and discussion on the life conditions of peasant-workers, which emphasizes on the peasant-workers on a certain aspect, and then put forward corresponding settlements, therefore, such researches are superficial to study and analyze the feasible capability and peasant-workers'happiness, but fail to study enough in terms of feasibility, such as political freedom, social opportunities, preventive safeguard, etc. one of the researches in the paper lies in finding out the inner causes that impacts on peasant-worker's happiness from the feasible capability, such as systems, opportunities, and re-construct the index evaluation system which is really suited for peasant-workers'happiness.As a emerging theory, feasible capability has its own advantages to solve actual problems, such as poverty, development, social security, lacks of right & interests, etc. which not only overcomes the flaws in traditional theory, such as overgeneralization, and focus on presentation, but also seize on the sequences of problems and the essence of problems. Therefore, the author tries to mix the feasible capability theory proposed by Amartya Sen and the happiness theory, probe into the deep factors that influence the promotion of peasant-workers'happiness from the perspective of the feasible capability, which is of a great importance to promote peasant-workers'happiness, furthermore, makes up for the rarity of the relevant theory studies, and expands the research scope of feasible capability and happiness.The author elaborates the relevant theories, i.e. the feasible capability theory and the happiness theory, probe into the methods and approaches to blend the two theories, define the research views and content; survey the peasant-workers in Hangzhou through the questionnaire, and expect to find out the problems, collect data information, explore the feasible capability and the happiness level of peasant-workers in Hangzhou, testify the mutual relationship between, then construct all the dimensions of happiness and the regression function among five instrumental freedom on feasible capability through the regression analysis.The importance and difficulties of the theory studies is the blend of the happiness study and feasible capability theory and the construction of the index system of happiness from the perspective of feasible capability; the importance and difficulties of empirical study is the questionnaire design and the precise selection of the questionnaire; because the research on feasible capability theory started late, and there is seldom mature scales for reference, therefore, the questionnaire design cannot avoid the insufficiency, plus the tough questionnaire investigation, and the writing randomness of the respondents, the effective data cannot be collected easily, and it is difficult to live up to an ideal level of the reliability check.Three dimensions of happiness are supposed in the research ( it is generally believed the happiness level is divided into six dimensions, and three dimensions are designed in the questionnaire design and analysis), which has shaped an evident positive relationship with the five dimensions of feasible capability, that is, political freedom, economic conditions, social opportunities, transparent security, defensive security, furthermore, such a relationship has been checked and verified through the correlation analysis and regression analysis.Through variance analysis on survey data, this study found that in addition to age and working years in city, gender,educational level and career all have effect on feasible capability. This conclusion is also applied to the peasant-workers'happiness, which indicate that age and working years in city do not affect the happiness of peasant-workers, but gender,educational level and career affect peasant-workers'happiness on individual endowment, while marital status has a effect on peasant-workers'happiness on ecological environment. By correlation analysis and regression analysis, the study found that there's no relations between ecological well-being and feasible capability of political freedom dimension, apart this , other dimensions of feasible capability (economic conditions, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, protective security) are related to peasant-workers'happiness and there is a positive correlation between them. Further regression analysis also found that economic conditions, social opportunities, transparency guarantees and protective security have a positive Predictive effect on peasant-workers'happiness , besides, protective security and social opportunities have positive Predictive effects on peasant-workers'social environment well-being and ecological environment.Finally, this paper recommends some suggestions on how to help peasant-workers to articulate their interest and exercise their rights. Also, it proposes government and society to provide better public services and social security to peasant-workers in order to improve their feasible capabilities and well-being level. Besides, it points out that this study still has some deficiencies to improve, and guide some directions on how to improve them , with a view of providing a reference to follow-up research.