Research On Pricing Method For District Water- Source Heat Pump Air-conditioning System

With the vigorous growth of non-renewable energy consumption and the increasing deterioration to global environment, to research and develop new kinds of sustainable clean energy is the only way for human beings searching for survival and development. 40% of the total energy in the world is consumed by buildings and air conditioning energy consumption accounted for the largest proportion of building energy consumption.Geothermal energy, as a new kind of energy, with the advantages of low costs sustainable utilization and environmental protection during the development and utilization, is the most realistic energy among those new energies. If it could be applied as cold and heat source for heat pumps to provide cold and heat for buildings and effectively used in HVAC field, it would be helpful for buildings to save energy and release the energy pressure and environmental pollution. In fact, water source heat pump air conditioning system is a kind of air conditioner applied in supplying cold as well as heat.At present, the water source heat pump air conditioning system has been spread widely in China for reasons as follows:1)In China, the technology of water source heat pump started late and is not mature enough. 2) It is restricted by geography, mainly water source and water quality. 3) the huge initial investment. And the problem of the initial investment has caused the debate of many scholars. Based on complete-life-cycle theory, quite a lot of scholars regard the water source heat pump air conditioning system is more feasible comparing to the conventional heat and cold system. However, the problem of investment is still the important factors to impede the wide application of water source heat pumps. The author deems the essential reason is that misgivings of the total costs and economic benefits on the application of water source heat pumps, which makes people have a sense of higher costs of this kind of air conditioning system. If the resource costs could be reasonably shared among all stockholders, such kinds of misgivings could be reduced. From the construction to operation, the stockholders of the entire project mainly include governments, developers, project owners (such as office buildings, commercial buildings, hotel, residential buildings and so on.) and terminal users. As it is pro-environment and energy-saving, governments could support operators in the form of fiscal allowance or tax preferences. The developers should participate in sharing of project costs as they save building area and air conditioning equipments. As the direct beneficiaries of such projects, the terminal users should undertake the partial investment and the operating costs. However, among the district cold and heat system by water source heat pumps, all costs is undertaken by terminal users, which make users share more charges than application of traditional cold and heat system and finally leads such kind of cold and heat system less competitive.This paper takes the project"river water source heat pump in CBD of Jiangbei city in Chongqing"as an example, taking reasonably sharing of costs among stockholders into account, by the application of two-part pricing method, cost plus pricing and related financial net cash flow knowledge, calculate the water source heat pump energy price. Comparing with the existed similar projects in China, the price of cold and heat in CBD of Jiangbei City is only half of them, or even lower. And it is also competitive to those traditional cold and heat source.