Formation Mechanism Of The Innovation Clusters And Policy Options

Innovation cluster as a matter of industry, economic, technological, cultural and other fields of the compound concept, has become the countries competing experts in various fields of the object. Innovation Cluster is a high-end industrial clusters, industrial clusters in the mature stage. Among enterprises within the cluster have the atmosphere of mutual exchange of learning, there is no culture of trust and cooperation, there is no sense of innovation, there is no flow of knowledge in the cluster, there is no cluster innovation brought about new advantages, innovation clusters and low-end The difference between industrial clusters.Innovation cluster can be divided into four categories:cohesive cluster, new industrial areas, innovation clusters and close to the cluster environment. Innovation Clusters cluster more general network with more features, more and more significant R & D expenditure on knowledge transfer and knowledge spillovers, and agglomeration economies prominent effect.The formation of innovation clusters can be divided into infancy, and the resulting savings on stage. Innovation cluster is often not easy, but through the formation of industrial clusters, development and evolution, formed by the transformation and upgrading of industrial clusters. The seeds of innovation cluster from scratch is the process of industrial clusters, which generate the conditions to "seed" and environmental conditions.Network externalities from the perspective of the formation mechanism of industrial clusters is the "seed companies" in a particular environment, "reproduction"process. Before the formation of innovation clusters in the end, over a period of time savings, the time is ripe to his breakthrough, the process of this savings is through the development of industrial clusters, and gradually mature. External economic, social capital and comparative advantage is to promote the three major driving force behind this process. When the rapid growth of the industry cluster through the mature and stable, that is the ultimate transformation of the time for innovation clusters. At this stage, there are two key factors:the cluster of innovation networks and clusters. Not difficult to find, these two factors is different from the low-end of innovation clusters where the characteristics of industrial clusters, the two elements of the development will directly affect and even determine the final formation of innovation clusters. The larger the cluster network, the stronger the competitiveness of the cluster, on the contrary, the weak competitiveness. When the cluster size of the network reaches saturation, the competitiveness of the cluster to stabilize also marked the maturity of the industrial clusters and innovative clusters in the final formation. This view is based on network externality mechanism for the evolution of industrial clusters.The formation of clusters of innovation, from the path point of view, the most common are two types, namely the government and market-oriented self-organization. Government guidance stresses the role of government policy and guidance, while self-organization stressed that the market rules in the market, through market competition and the spontaneous formation of innovation clusters. However, the reality is that most of the innovation cluster formation is the result of combined action of two paths, both need to follow the laws of the market, but also give full play to the role of government.Research and innovation cluster formation mechanism and path, the ultimate goal is to capture the essence through the appearance, starting from the root, the right medicine, to develop clusters of innovation in line with our policy of national conditions. Specifically, can be subdivided into industrial policy and technological innovation policies. Focus is to provide a conducive industrial policy formation and development of industrial cluster environment and conditions; technology innovation policy focuses on promoting the flow of knowledge, foster innovation cluster in the emergence of industrial clusters to promote transformation and upgrading of industrial clusters, the formation of a more competitive innovation Clusters.