The Application Of Space Mapping Algorithm In Microstrip Antenna Design

Microstrip antennas have been widely applied in space electronics, biological electronics and conventional antenna fields, because of its small volume, low profile, light weight and easy conformal. The traditional simple structure microstrip antennas has not satisfied the design requirements of different areas, while the complex antenna structure will inevitably lead to decrease the efficiency of antenna design. Therefore, how to optimize the design of antennas has become a hotspot at home and abroad.Space Mapping Algorithm (SMA) is a rapid, efficient and accurate method among the numerous optimization algorithms. It was proposed by John W. Bandler in 1994 and successfully applied to optimize the design of microwave devices. The baisc idea of this approach is to get the coarse model and fine model of the research object, and then construct a mapping relationship between the two models. Using iterative optimization and update coarse model replaces directly optimizing the highly cost fine model. Combining the high precision of fine model and the high efficiency of coarse model will realize the goal of the high accuracy and high efficiency in practical engineering application.In this paper, the improved space mapping algorithm---Aggressive Space Mapping Algorithm (ASMA), combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulator HFSS is employed to design a rectangular patch antenna. We exploit a coarse-mesh and a fine-mesh FEM solver as the coarse model and the fine model respectively. This approach solved the problem of using traditional quick analysis model, the empirical model and classic circuit theory cannot establish the coarse model of some irregular radiation structure. It is applicable to any shape radiation structure. And through the VB programming invoke the VBs script of HFSS to complete the automatic updates and modeling in the optimization process, it greatly reduces the workload and also avoids possible mistakes due to repeated modeling. The Optimization example verified the feasibility, efficiency and accuracy of this method.In some current engineering applications, with one antenna element cannot satisfy the design requirements, so the antenna arrays are applied to meet the application index. As one of the important parameters which affect the performance of antenna arrays, mutual coupling is worth our concern. In this paper, mutual coupling of the microstrip antenna array is studied based on the principle of Space Mapping Method. We take a group of microstrip antenna arrays as the research platform, the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is used to extract data, the method of port networks and the theory of linear arrays are utilized to analyze the effect of mutual coupling on the performance of antenna arrays. Based on the theory of space mapping method the data are processed with Matlab. The phenomenon of mutual coupling between microstrip antenna arrays is in-depth analyzed. The calculation results show that the approach is reasonable, efficient and accurate. It has a good reference value for the design of large antenna arrays.