| The record and narration of history starts from the original form of mouth to mouth. After the invention of characters, the historiographer is responsible for recording history. As a historical recorder of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, historiographer has a very long period of transition and development. The historiographer evolved from soothsayer and hierophant. During the evolution process of witch to Shi, Shi gradually replaced witch on the stage of history,but Shi inherited the main responsibilities of the witch, even gradually enlarging their rights. Developing from the original pray to the gods and seek to ascertain by divination to recording sayings and events, therir position changes from the power-holder who taking charge of offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors to the server of ruling class.It has great relationship to the increasing of human social practice and the improvement of recognizing laws of nature and social development. This change is a symbol of Shi coming to reality from the altar, and also a symbol of human beings'spirit approaching civilization from superstition. It can be said that witch is the maker of initial ghost, god and superstition. But Shi is the describer of social reality. The change of historiographer's responsibility is just the process of human being walking out from the uncivilized state.Recording saying and events is the main responsibility of historiographer. The Book of《Rites》(《Liji·Yuzao》)says that"Recording events is the responsibility of the Zuo Shi, and recording sayings is the You Shi."About whether there is the division of emplacement and responsibility of Left and Right Historiographer or not, former scholars had many different opionions. But the seperation of recording sayings and events is anobjective existence. Whether for the male historiographer who recorded outside events or female historiographer who recorded inside events, the system of rites are their value standards when doing records. This article discusses the emplacement of Zuo and You Shi and influences of the historical view formation of later genenrations on the rites system of historiographer from the sapects of rites evolution.Soothsayer and hierophant are social elite of Pre-Qin Dynasty, the monopoly of culture and knowledge, and also the reflecter and inclulater of social consciousness. The ruling class has the saying right about reality, but historiographer has the saying right about history. Historiographer produces great influences on the birth and evolution of literary style unconsciously, especially on argumentative writings. Each single literary style is a very form for narration and representation of restrictive time and space.Throughout the full text, the evolution from witch to Shi indicates the waking of human consciousness --- the consciousness of recording their own history. The need of recording objectively urges the birth of literary style and the formation of literary tendency unconsciously. However, having good knowledge accomplishment and influenced by rites systemnt, historiographers forms their own historical view on rites. And the view is their value standard of recording events and characters. |
