| The ultimate proposition of exploring the essence of man and the world, t he meaning of life and freedom is pondered by successive sages and philosop hers. As the ideological founder of voluntarism, Schopenhauer puts aside the path of detaching mind and matter, observing the world and man's freedom fr om the point of man's needs and aesthetics, he notes that the will is a kind of groundless, aimless, and endless pursuit of desires and impulses,which is fil led with the entire universe, constituting the essence of the world, the object o f life will create the appearance of the world. Because of the endless desires, man is bound to be painful, the ultimate way to relieve the pain of death is t o deny the will, the art can make people temporarily break the shackles of wil 1 and desires, forget individuality and yourselves, get a moment of comfort.Nietzsche inherits Schopenhauer's idea that the will is the origin of life a nd the idea of ontology, but he fundamentally opposes to the idea that denies the meaning of life and freedom. Nietzsche believes that Life Will means etern al impulse and instinct, pain of life is not terrible, it is just used to reveal Li fe Will,to promote creation. Life Will never means "survival of the fittest", pa ssive adaptation and self-preservation, but "the pursuit of the expansion of powe r" is to get advantage, development and strong power. Superman Zarathustra is a typical representative of powerful will. Nietzsche's superman theory strongl y opposes Schopenhauer's pessimistic attitude,which is full of optimism fighti ng atmosphere, paying close attention to people and reforming them, but suff using contradictions and dross.Nietzsche's voluntarism aesthetics is based on his ontology of voluntarism taking the unity of opposites about Dionysian spirit and Sun God to make it parable,pursuing the powerful will and eternal creation, opposing the rationality first, knowledge universal mediocrity and decadence, endowing life aesthetic meaning and artistic taste, being full of human feelings, fighting atmosphere an d thought of dialectics The Paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the m ajor source of Nietzsche's voluntarism, making a comment of Nietzsche's power ful will, the basic content of Superman, focusing on the analysis of Nietzsche's view of voluntarism aesthetics, describing the spread of Nietzsche's voluntaris m in China briefly. Nietzsche is a writer and thinker who expresses his politic al ideals of in literary, and its aesthetics ideas are mainly embodied in The Bir th of Tragedy, characterized by facing up to life suffering, affirming Life Will, centering on the unity of opposites of the Sun God (Apollo) and Bacchus (Dionysus) spirit, giving metaphysical basis and comfort to life. analyzing th e unity of opposites of Sun God and Dionysian spirit in-depth. it results in the history of Greek art and culture, analyzing the basic characteristics of the Gre ek arts, focusing on revealing the origin and the essence of ancient Greek trag edy,probing the relationship among art and life and the national spirit,putting forward to propagating the Dionysian spirit, playing its full role of tragedy part icularly to inspire people, shape people, change and create people, opposing t he supremacy of reason, knowledge everything, mediocrity and decadence, exc epting the revival of Deutsche spiritThe second chapter describes the impact of Nietzsche's aesthetics of volunt arism on Lu Xun. Just as Lu Xun stayed in Japanese,he got interested Nietzs che, Zarathustra Said is the first and the most important works of Nietzsche's t hought that Lu Xun exposed to,the spirit has a profound influence on youthfu 1 Lu Xun, he puts the Dionysian spirit as the way of "making nation powerful ", "making man powerful" and liberating the nation and the society,the Dionysia n spirit can boost individual liberation,self-improvement, self-reliance,it can al so encourage people to create and fight, it is mainly expressed in the few wor ks when he was in Japan. The idea can be summarized as:advocating spirit, r educing material; valuing freedom, resisting oppression; attaching importance to personality, expecting superman and warriors. When the revolutionary develope s, Lu Xun alienates Nietzsche's thought gradually, and even criticizes the dross of the thought, but he is not blind faith in any authority, and pursues the tr uth, expects for freedom, a strong sense of social responsibility and humanistic feelings penetrates all his life completely.The third chapter is about Zhu Guangqian's absorption and innovation of Nietzsche's voluntarism.Zhu Guangqian strips Apollo and Dionysus from Nietz sche's thought, to make the Dionysus succumb to the Sun God,to enlighten th e Dionysus, to build his own views of art and life by abandoning Nietzsche's aesthetics thought,to explore the irrational factors of theory of "Distance", art appreciation and creation, and so on. Dionysian spirit is Nietzsche's most funda mental thought, Sun God spirit is the most precious to Zhu Guangqian, and Dionysus finally succumbed to the Sun God, he considers that people should r egard the life as Sun God, "lived with unconventional Spirit and complete the r ealistic career", to make the real-life artistic, learn to contribute to one's peace of mind or inner tranquility in busy life, endow the emotion to the image, a cquire the soul liberation and get the mind free in the realm of art.The fourth chapter is to analyze and compare the different influences of Nietzsche's aesthetics voluntarism on Lu Xun and Zhu Guangqian,according to their different experiences and life values, discuss the contemporary signific ance of the paper.In short, Nietzsche's idea of voluntarism is provided with important sign ificance in modern China.On the one hand,it provides the fighters spiritual e ncouragement just as Lu Xun who intended to wipe out the social malpractice, on the other hand, it expands the source of the meaning of life for the peopl e who commits to academic culture and spiritual culture construction,such as Zhu Guangqian.The more important meaning is that promotes the awakening o f subjectivity and human's full and freedom development. |
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