| Background:Law on Prevention and Cure of legal communicable Diseases classify 39 types of acute infectious and chronic diseases as infectious disease which with high incidence, wide infectious area and serious harm, and they are divided in Class A, B and C according to the mode, speed of infectious and extent of injury. In 2nd May 2008, Ministry of Health classify HFMD as Class C infectious disease, and classify the Influenza A (H1N1) influenza as Class B infectious disease, it was managed as the Class A infectious disease.Monitoring report is one of the most effective methods to control the infectious disease. Complete, rapid and veracious report of infectious disease is the base to prevent the infectious disease from overspread and the important evidence to evaluate the effects of the preventive action, moreover, it is the foundation of investigating the regular of the disease dissemination.2003 SARS overbooked in China, it exposed the Incomplete, inaccurate and trady of the Epidemic reporting system. The same year, premier Wen pointed out:Our target of public health construction is to use about three years to build up a sound contingency handling mechanism of the public health, system for disease prevention and control and Construction of Health Enforcement and Supervision System. Now our system of public health entered into a fast growth period.5th Jan 2005, With approval form the Treasury Department, Ministry of Health published "Regulation of construction of Disease prevention and control system" and "Regulation of construction of Health monitoring system", require to strengthen the construction of the disease control and prevent institutions and basic health institutions from county, city to the whole country, enhance the responsibility of medical and health institutions for the disease prevention and control. To build up fully functioning, responsive and well-coordinated public health emergency handling system. To build up an rapid, high effection diseases information network which fully cover the city and county. Improve the basic equipment and laboratory equipment of the disease control and prevent institutions. Strengthening construction of the professional disease prevention and control team, more study of the infectious disease and improve the capacity of detection.Shenzhen Longgang District began the detection of disease and to study the report of legal communicable diseases since 1993. The monitoring system was put into use since Sep 2003.Objective:To explore the occurrence, prevalence and changing tend of legal communicable disease and analyze the their prevalence factor from 2005 to 2009 years in Longgang District, Shenzhen in order to prevent scientific measures for prevention and controlling.Methods:1 Though adopting descriptive research systematically describe the legal communicable diseases in Longgang District, Shenzhen in the last 5 years and summarize the Influenza A(H1N1) virus in 2009 to 2010 on their epidemiological characteristics.2 To computer the accumulated data about infectious disease by using SPSS software and Excel 2003 to analysis the statistics and draw graphs. To account the total incidence rate, mortality rate, infectious diseases' range and the main part diseases'incidence rate, etc and analysis the statistics, in order to study the difference in time, people and place from differences diseases, and investigate their occurring currents.Results:1 The new HFMD was identified as the Class C legal communicable disease on 2n May 2008, the new Influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified as the Class B legal communicable disease on 30th Feb 2009. Total species of reported infectious disease in Longgang District is about 29 types from 2005 to 2009, totally 53012 cases, annual average incidence rate is 371.97/100000,65 death cases, annual average mortality rate is 0.46/100000, total mortality rate is 0.12%. The legal communicable disease incidence rate is rising within 2005 to 2007, it rised up from 360.72/100000 to 656.31/100000. rise up by 45.02%. The legal communicable disease incidence rate declined from 2007 to 2009, it decrease from 656.31/100000 to 325.65/100000, decrease by 50.38%. The mortality rate of the legal communicable disease decreased by years, it decreases from 1.00/100000 to 0.35/100000, decreased by 68.74%. The highest 8 incidence rate of diseases are infectious diarrhea, HFMD, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, mumps, AHC, measles, intestinal infectious disease, the annual incidences are 84.65/100000,44.38/100000,37.98/100000,37.69/100000, 37.45/100000,27.33/100000,25.52/100000,24.91/100000. In the legal communicable disease report from 2005 to 2009, male is in majority, proportion is 1.75:1. The tend of the incidence of male and female are all rising, annual incidence rate of man are always higher than female, the proportion is about 105.90% to 411.58%, the incidence curve is fluctuating. Between 2005 and 2006, man and female incidence rate was of rising tend, the incidence rate was at highest position in 2007, and then it decrease since 2008. From the age discrimination, there are two high peaks. First one for the age under 10. Total incidence rate of 0 to 4 years old is 137.50/100000,5 to 9 years old is 30.53/10000. It has a proportion of 45.17% in all the age groups. And it no more increase in other age groups. The other high peak is from 20 to 29 years old and 30 to 39 years old, total incidence are 83.92/100000 and 61.00/10000, people from 20 to 29 years old has a proportion of 38.96% in all the age groups, it decreased a lot compared with the first high peak. The incidence rate tend is decreasing during the age rising up. The incidence rate of 80 years old is only 0.81/100000. From the occupation discrimination, the children has the highest percentage of 40.51%, the proportion of workers is 26.68%, little lower than the children, both of then are rising during 2005 to 2009. The third one is chores and job-waiting, about 10%. Students and commercial is little lower, about 7.49% and 4.49%. Medical staffs, nurse, catering service are lower than other occupations, about 0.17%,0.03% and 0.48%.2 Annual average incidence rate report of Class B legal communicable disease of Longgang district from 2005 to 2009 is 184.47/100000. Annual mortality is 0.41/100000. The incidence rate of Class B infectious diseases is rising during 2005 to 2007, but it decreased rapidly in 2008, fluctuation range within 135.24/100000 to 311.25/100000. From 2005 to 2009, the mortality rate of Class B infectious disease is of decreasing tend, decreased from 1.11/100000 to 0.23/100000. The incidence rate of Intestinal infectious diseases increased from 30.67/100000 to 40.30/100000 during 2005 to 2007, but then it decreased to 18.18/100000 in 2008 and 15.44/100000 in 2009. It increases from March and decreases from October. Annual high peak is from May to October. Incidence rate of Respiratory Infectious Diseases is rather steady in 2005 and 2006, it is about 85.27/100000 and 87.82/100000, it raised up in 2007, high up to 129.30/100000, but it decreased to 45.77/100000 in 2008 and 43.84/100000 in 2009. There is an exception in Nov 2009 caused by the Influenza A(H1N1) virus. The annual tend of this disease is steady, increases from March and then decreases from Sep, annual high peak is from May to August.86 cases of vector borne diseases and natural focus diseases, annual incidence rate is around 0.38/100000 to 1.00/100000, no obvious seasonal distribution.13249 cases of blood-transmitted diseases, the annual incidence rate is fluctuating widely, and also no obvious seasonal distribution.3 Annual average incidence rate report of Class C legal communicable disease of Longgang district from 2005 to 2009 is 187.50/100000. Annual mortality is 0.04/100000. The annual incidence rate is fluctuating widely during 2005 to 2009, fluctuation range within 127.66/100000 to 345.06/100000. In 2005 and 2006, there is no seasonal high peak. During Aug and Sep in 2007, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis explore, it is an exception and other months are the same tend as 2005 and 2006. HFMD was included in the infectious disease, incidences No from April is much more bigger than base line level of last three years and it caused two high peak in this year, first one is from May to June and the other one is from Oct to Dec.4 From 1st May 2009 to 30th April 2010, there are 458 Influenza A(H1N1) virus cases, including 48 severe cases,9 critical illness cases, and 3 dead cases, incidence rate is 10.59/100000, mortality rate is 0.07/100000. Since first case of Influenza A(H1N1) virus was reported on 23rd June 2009, until early August, major cases are imported cases. From late October to late December, incidence rate reach a high peak and major cases are aggregation cases and indigenous cases. From late December to January 2010, incidence rate is no longer increase. Male incidence rate is higher than female. Major incidence age group is from 4 to 14 years old, the following is the age group form 15 to 29 years old. Students are most easily infected, ratio is about 53.06%, the following is children, it is about 21.40%, and total ratio is 74.46%.Conclusion:The total current of legal communicable disease is decreased, but there were different traits at different periods. Preventive and control strategies should be adjusted by the local infectious diseases' develop trend. |
PDF Full Text Request