| BackgroundThe concept of Career Decision-Making came from the economic theory brought up by Keynesian, the British economist, and was taken up gradually to occupational psychology. Occupational psychologists have studied it in different theoretical perspective. Now, it is recognized widely in the field of Career Decision-Making that career decision-making is a process, not just a result. Career Decision-Making is a process, during which the decision makers judge whether the expected objective could be achieved and make a reasonable choice, with reference to the external environment, situation and development trend, based on its own characteristics; this process is influenced by the individual's own characteristics and much environment restrictions, with the whole process of individual career development, and the different stages have different tasks. Factors that affect career decisions are complex and changeable.For individuals, professional life is a source of personal security and an important stage where a personal self-worth and social value can be achieved; for society, it is the prerequisite to ensure social stability and improve the efficiency of social operation that individuals engaged in the right career. In recent years, elite education has become popular education because of increased enrollment, and nursing education levels have been generally improved, while the employment of college nursing students become increasingly visible:one problem is the loss of clinical nurses, with negative effect to the clinical nursing quality; the other problem is that college nursing students worry about the ideal position. How to guide nursing students in looking for suitable jobs and love the job as a nurse is one of the focuses in the recent researches of the administration departments, schools and the hospital management organizations. Most of the existing western studies come from western theories and practices, and the investigation and analysis of nursing students are lack of effective to guide the home students in career decision-making because of the difference between home and abroad. The existing home studies are lack of thorough and most of them are the copy of western ones. Now, market economy guide the home employs, however, it is not free enough. The factors affect the employees such as family factor and social factors. It is expected to make a deep study in home college nursing students according to home fact.Objective1 To know the influence factors in the career decision-making of the undergraduate nursing students in Guangzhou city.2 To know the functions of the influence factors in the career decision-making of the undergraduate nursing students in Guangzhou city.Significance1 To provide something useful to help the undergraduate nursing students in Guangzhou city to make a career decision.2 To provide something useful to solve the contradiction between the supply and requirement of advanced nurses.3 To provide something useful to solve the employment problem of college students for relevant sectors of society. Object of studyStudy inclusion criteria:1 full-time undergraduate nursing student passed nationwide entrance examination; 2 high schools full-time as an ordinary high school; 3 currently enrolled in normal schools; 4 volunteered to participate in this research Study exclusion criteria:1 one whose job had been appointed or specialty student before undergraduate; 2 one whose job had been appointed before being an undergraduate nursing student in other cases.MethodsQualitative research and quantitative study were used in the research of the Influence factors in the career decision-making of the undergraduate nursing students in Guangzhou city.The first part was qualitative research, and the responders were chosen from 4 universities in Guangzhou city in purpose sampling way, and in a depth interview. Listened to the tape again and again, made a record word for word timely, including the nonverbal behavior and personal information, and then set up interviews record document.Data analysis was carried out in 3 steps. Firstly, listened to tape and tried to find the problem so that it would be solved in the next interview. Secondly, read all the records and tried to make an abstract. Finally, looked for the points related to the study and mark these points in the responder's words, then established the encoding. These codes are classified, and the general idea could be got about the influence factors.The second part was quantitative analysis. According to the first part of the research results, made the questionnaire named the questionnaire of the factors of career decision-making of the graduate nursing students in Guangzhou city, and the responders were chosen form 5 universities in Guangzhou city stratified by grade in convenience sample survey, so that the sample was as representative as possible. The data were entering and analyzed in SPSS 13.0 software, with descriptive statistics,2 or k independent samples nonparametric test, independent-samples t test, one-way ANOVA, bivariate Spearman correlation, etc. All of the results was considered statistically significant at the level P<0.05.Results of qualitative research1. The level of income was the most important factor in the responders' career decision-making.2. How much respect did the public show to nursing was one of the important factors in the responders'career decision-making.3. As a cell of society, family factors on the career decision of nursing students also had some influence.4. Respondents said they would consider geographical factors in the career decision-making.5. Educational and training factors played a role to promote the responders'view on nursing profession.6. The local functions department of the responder's hometown had a certain influence on their career decision-making.Quantitative results1. The attitude change on nursing of the respondersAll the responders love nursing better (P< 0.05) except the boy students in Grade 3 or Grade 4 (Z=-1.134, P= 0.257; Z=-0.276, P=0.783).2. The situation of the responders engaging in nursing profession229 (19.56%) of the responders would engage in nursing profession for a long term; 541 (46.20%) would engage in nursing profession for a certain time and then decide whether continue it; 262 (22.37%) would engage in nursing profession while trying to find another job; 139 (11.87%) would abandon nursing as soon as graduate. There was no difference between boys and girls in the will of being a nurse (Z=-1.391, P= 0.164; Z=-1.008, P= 0.313; Z=-0.599, P= 0.549; Z=-0.194, P= 0.846); there was no difference in different grades, either (χ2=0.111, P=0.990;%= 6.607,P=0.086). 3. How the responders chose urban and rural665 (56.79%) of the responders would choose big city,390 (33.30%) would choose medium or small city。It was different in grades in girl responders (χ2=10.420, P=0.015). As the grade increased, the proportion of girls choosing big city was in the downward trend and the proportion of girls choosing medium or small city was in an increasing trend.4. How the responders chose the ownership of the units889 (75.92%) of the responders chose public ownership,51 (4.36%) chose non-public ownership,231 (19.72%) considered it no significant。It was different in grades in girl responders (χ2= 11.924, P=0.008). As the grade increased, the proportion of girls choosing public ownership was in an increasing trend. It was different between boys and girls in Grade 1 and Grade 2 (Z=-2.129, P=0.033; Z=-2.732, P=0.006), the proportion of girls choosing public ownership was bigger than boys in an increasing trend, while non-public ownership was opposite.5. How the responders chose the post626 (53.46%) of the responders chose clinical nursing,153 (13.07%) chose nursing education,169 (14.43%) chose nursing management,113 (9.65%) chose other post,110 (9.39%) considered it no significant。It was different between boys and girls in Grade 1 and Grade 2 (Z=-3.483, P=0.000; Z=-2.604, P=0.009), the proportion of girls choosing clinical nursing and nursing education were bigger than boys in an increasing trend, while other post and no significant were opposite.6. The impact of the influence factors on career decision-makingThese influence factors were different in impact on career decision-making (P< 0.05). The impact of the nursing professional values (NPV), attraction of medium or small city, attraction of the establishment were different on boys in different grades (F= 4.652, P= 0.004; F= 3.011, P= 0.033; F= 4.562, P= 0.009). The impact of all the factors were different on girl in different grades except family factor, attraction of country seat or public ownership unit (P< 0.05). It was different between boys and girls in NPV in Grade 2 and Grade 4 (t=-2.563, P=0.011; t=2.439, P=0.016). It was different between boys and girls in Grade lor Grade 2, in family factor's impact, attraction of medium or small city, nursing education (t=-3.479, P=0.001; t=-2.355, P=0.019; t=-2.248, P=0.025; t=-2.778, P=0.006;t=-2.169, P=0.003; t =-2.153, P=0.032). The impact on career decision-making of how much respect the public show to nursing and attraction of non-public ownership unit was different between boys and girls in Grade 4 (t=2.426, P=0.016; t=1.980, P=0.049). The impact on career decision-making of the attraction of country seat and town was different between boys and girls in Grade 1 (t=-2.575, P=0.010; t=-2.598, P= 0.010). The impact on career decision-making of the attraction of clinical nursing was different between boys and girls in Grade 1 and Grade 4 (t=-2.453, P=0.015; t= 2.010, P=0.046).7. The relationship between factors and wills of responders choosing nursing professionThere was a weak positive correlation between establishment and wills of choosing nursing (r=0.278, P< 0.05) and a positive correlation between family factor and wills of choosing nursing (r=0.627, P< 0.001) in the boys in Grade 1. Either public's respect to nursing or family factor had a weak positive correlation with the wills of choosing nursing in the girls in Grade 1 (r=0.204, P< 0.001; r= 0.232, P< 0.001).Family factor had a weak positive correlation with the wills of choosing nursing in the boys in Grade 2 (r=0.443, P<0.01). Each of the factor of public's respect to nursing, attraction of clinical nursing and family factor had a weak correlation with the wills of choosing nursing in the girls in Grade 2 (r=0.256,P< 0.001; r=0.148, P<0.01; r=0.251, P<0.001). Attraction of non-public ownership unit had a significant negative correlation with the wills of choosing nursing in the boys in Grade 4(r=-0.619, P<0.05). Any of the factors of public's respect to nursing or attraction of clinical nursing had a weak correlation with the wills of choosing nursing in the girls in Grade 4(r=0.207, P< 0.01; r=0.200, P< 0.01).Conclusions 1. The career decision-making of the graduate nursing students in Guangzhou city is a dynamic process, and the impact of all the factors are in different sizes or different functions.2. Universities play a positive role to improve the nursing professional values of the graduate nursing students. Universities and nursing professional values don't work well on encouraging graduate nursing students to engage in nursing profession.3. Family support factors have a certain positive role in encouraging junior graduate nursing students to engage in nursing profession.4. The area choice has nothing to do with the students'will of choosing nursing professional. Regional development gap makes most nursing undergraduate flow to the city and developed areas, so the nursing gap between urban and rural and regions may be exacerbated.5. The Public ownership units and the establishment post are thought stabile, but the reason of the nursing graduates in the universities in Guangzhou city choosing them is not for stability and part of the students maybe prefer some advantage position in non-public ownership units to nursing posts.6. If public show much respect to nursing, girl nursing graduates maybe more likely to choose nursing profession.7. It has certain positive significance to encourage nursing graduates to choose nursing profession that making nursing graduates know nursing much.8. The local functions department of the responder's hometown has a certain influence on their career decision-making.9. The Chinese version of NPVS-R developed in the research is suitable to the nursing graduates in Guangzhou city. |
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