| Bio-compound fertilizer, which is the collection of the unique physiological adjustmentfunction of microorganism, the high efficiency of inorganic fertilizer and the long-action oforganic fertilizer, is a new kind of fertilizer. Soil fertility and soil micro-ecosystem could besignificantly improved by applying bio-compound fertilizer. In this study, the suited carrier ofmicrobial inoculums and dose of inorganic fertilizer for making bio-compound fertilizer werestudied by indoor simulated experiment, the fertilizer efficiency of bio-compound fertilizerwas conducted by pot experiment in green house. The effects of bio-compound fertilizer onsoil microbial ecosystem environment was carried by using plate count method, CHCl3fumigation-extraction method, Biolog micro-plate technique and the cultivation method ofenzyme activity. The main results were summarized as follows.1. The beneficial microbial agent for making the bio-compound fertilizer was a mixingagent of antagonistic azotobacter, phosphate-dissolving bacterium and potassium-dissolvingbacterium. The appropriate adding methods of microbial agent was commixed the microbialagent with the carrier (vermiculite) in advance, then entered the organic-inorganic compoundfertilizer. The ways of enlarge cultivation for mixed culture referred to pure culture method,and then they were mixed together with the proportion. The suited proportion of inorganicfertilizer was9%and the proportion of liquid mixed spores was6%. After storage of threemonths, the amount of live targeted bacteria in the bio-compound fertilizer was0.6×108cfu·g-1which fit the request of the national criteria.2. There was a greater impact on soil microbial communities functional diversity ofdifferent fertilizer application. The Biolog micro-plate analysis showed that thebio-compound fertilizer could dramatically improved soil microbial carbon source utilization;increase the soil microbial communities functional diversity index, the bio-compoundfertilizer improved the six categories of carbon source utilization. Principal componentanalysis demonstrated that carbon utilization by soil microbial communities changed indifferent fertilizer treatments. In the early maize growth, bio-compound fertilizer and CKtreatment was located in the positive direction of the first principal component and had thesimilar carbon utilization, while the inorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compoundfertilizer concentrated in the negative direction of the first principal component and had thesimilar carbon utilization. In the middle and later age of maize growth, bio-compound fertilizer concentrated in the positive direction of the first principal component and had thestability of soil microbial community. Conversely, the treatment of inorganic fertilizer and CKconcentrated in the negative direction of the first and second principal component and had thesimilar carbon utilization. From the grouped numbers of C sources with loadings≥0.50, therewas a significant difference among the different treatments depending on carbohydrates,carboxylic acids, amino acids and polymers.3. The soil microbial biomass C, N and P of different treatments had the same tendencyof raised firstly and then reduced with the growth time of the plant, compared with the sameamount of nutrient of inorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, thebio-compound fertilizer could significantly improved the microbial biomass C, N, P in thewhole growth period.4. The application of bio-compound fertilizer could significantly increase soil invertase,dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase activity during the whole growth period, and hadhigher effect than that with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The average soil activitiesof invertase respectively were:44.21,44.39,49.54,58.08mg glucose·g-1·(24h)-1; The averageenzyme activities of dehydrogenase respectively were:54.29,67.48,78.73,91.63mgTF·g-1·(24h)-1; The average enzyme activities of urease respectively were:0.86,0.92,0.93,0.99mg NH3-N·g-1·(3h)-1; The average enzyme activities of phosphatase respectivelywere:0.50,0.54,0.58,0.62mg phenol·g-1·(3h)-1.5. Compared with the treatment of no-fertilizer, bio-compound fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were improved soil organic C,available N, P, K content and plant biomass live weight. Except the treatment of the inorganicfertilizer with the higher available N, there was the highest content of organic C, available Pand K with the bio-compound fertilizer. Compared with the organic-inorganic fertilizer,bio-compound fertilizer could significantly improved the soil organic C and available K in themiddle and latter growth period, but there was no obviously difference of available N and P.The bio-compound fertilizer improved maize yield. |
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