| Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk (Umbelliferae), a perennial herbaceous plant, is native to China and Japan. It usually favors humid eco-environment. This plant species is both an edible and pharmaceutical plant. C. japonica is a popular vegetable in Japan and usually served as salad or prepared in soup. But in China it is usually cooked and then served. This plant can be cultivated year round in green houses. And due to easy handling, C. japonica is also grown hydroponically. Its nutritious and pharmaceutical nature are of great concerns among agriculturalists and farmers. The aromatic ingredient in the whole plant also has commercial and industrial potential. To the best of my knowledge, only a few studies have been addressed to C. japonica as yet. And these studies have been concentrating on the nutrient and mineral elements, its potential as dietary food, the volatile constituent, the pharmaceutical purposes and toxicology, and its morphological anatomy. No studies however according to my knowledge have ever tried to investigate its ontogenesis like seed germination and seed dormancy. Our studies will lend support to the artificial cultivation of C. japonica. C. japonica seeds are characterized by a long dormancy period and will not germinate without any treatment, thereby impeding its agricultural cultivation. The objectives of the present research were to investigate the reasons for seed dormancy and optimal approaches to dormancy break of C. japonica seed and to supply theoretical fundamentals for its artificial cultivation..The paper made detailed studies on tissue culture, the dormant seeds break approaches and the germination property of C. japonica from Anhui province. It could afford some basic scientific data for the plant extensively in Anhui province.The results were as follows:1. In the tissue culture of C. japonica, the callus was induced from the stems, leaves, many experiments was made to explore the optimal condition of succesive transfer cultue, root induction of test-tube plant and its transplant. The results showed that the culture medium with MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L is suitable for the inducling callus from leaves, the culture medium with 1/2MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L is suitable for the induction of adventitious root, the culture medium with MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L is suitable for succesive transfer cultue, and in the transplant of the test-tube plant it was very effective with the substance: perlite : vermiculite : humus =1 : 1 : 1, the percentage of the survival seeding were higher.2. The results showed that, based on TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining method, only 55.33%±3.71% of the seeds were viable. Although the imbibition rates of broken and intact seeds differ markedly in the early 12 h, the final imbibition rates were almost the same, 70.00%±1% and 68.32%±0.32%, respectively, suggesting that seed imbibition is not impeded by seed coat. The seed germination of celery was inhibited by the low-concentration crude extracts of C. japonica because there was probably endogenous inhibitants. The embryo of matural C. japonica seed was not developed completely since the percentage of the length of embryo/length of endosperm was 28.65%±2.488%. After post maturation under low temperature it was close to 65.93%±3.86% and the germination rate was almost 100.00%. Therefore the seed of C. japonica was featured by morphophysiological dormancy. Both soaking with tap water and storage under low temperature can break effectively the seed dormancy of C. japonica and both methods interact. Soaking for 36 h and storage at 5°C for 30d can break seed dormancy and the germination rate and germination potential can be close to 100.00% and 91.11±0.91%, respectively. The optimal temperature for the germination of dormany-broken seeds was 15.0~27.5°C and better germination rate and germination potential in soil can be 96.67%±3.33% and 71.11%±1.93%, respectively.3. There was significance difference on thousand kernels weight and seed shape (length, width, thickness) of four areas in Anhui province. The result of thousand kernels weight showed that: Huangshan ( (2.67±0.15)g) > Dabieshan ( (1.98±0.06)g) > Fanchang ( (1.88±0.06)g) > Nanling ( (1.57±0.01)g); The seed vitality and the relative electric conductivity are significance difference before the dormany-broken, the result of the seed vitality is follows: Dabieshan (78.67%±1.76%) > Fanchang (74.00%±3.06%) > Huangshan (64.67%±4.67%) > Nanling (55.33%±3.71%); the result of the relative electric conductivity is follows : Dabieshan (23.20%±2.23%) < Fanchang (23.70%±1.00%) < Huangshan (35.91%±2.79%) < Nanling (43.54%±4.04%); After overcome the dormancy, there was no difference about the germination energy and germination rate on the filter paper, but when in the soil the ermination energy energy and the survival seeding rate were significance differences, the ermination energy energy and the survial seeding rate of the Nanling seeds were low than other three areas. There was no difference on germination energy, germination rate and the survival seeding rate of Huangshan, Dabieshan and Fanchang those three areas . |
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