Isozyme Band Analysis Of Iris Germplasms From Different Habitats

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze esterase and peroxidase isozyme zymogram of 23 wild Chinese Iris germplasm and materials, which distributed in 5 provinces of north China, to reveal the genetic diversity of Chinese Iris grown in different habitats and geographic locations, and the genetic relationship of Chinese Iris germplasm and materials among different populations. The obtained results are listed as follows:1. According to the isozyme electrophoresis of young leaves obtained from different growth stages, 22 different bands were detected, viz., POD-A～POD-M and EST-A～EST-I, all of which were found distributed in fast and slow areas. Among all the bands, POD-A～POD-H and EST-A～EST-H were found distributed in slow area (SS), POD-H～POD-M and EST-I were found distributed in fast areas (FF), Rf was found between 0.041 and 0.875. And, POD-A, D, F, J and EST-A, D, E, I were the basic bands, while the 4 band: POD-E, G and EST-B, G were found only in number 2, 3 and 10 Chinese Iris germplasm, the Rf of which were 0.196, 0.227, 0.583 and 0.713, respectively, and was found as the characteristic bands of the material.2. The total EST band number decreased to 61 from 65 as the growth of plants from vegetative stage to reproductive stage; the total POD bands kept unchangeable at 79, whereas the deletion under different mobilities and enzymatic activity got changed. Compared with reproductive stage, stronger enzymatic activity was found in Chinese Iris at vegetative stage, with clearer zymogram performance; as to POD band, stronger enzymatic activity was found in reproductive stage, together with clearer zymogram performance; the young leaves were found suitable for EST analysis in vegetative stage, and were found suitable for POD analysis in reproductive stage.3. All together 40 bands were found in the 2 enzyme systems (EST and POD), with 8 basic bands and 15 characteristic bands, within the 23 wild Chinese Iris species, indicating that specific homology existed among different Chinese Iris populations, and some Chinese Iris germplasm were found with structural and functional variances due to environmental adaption, which were finally performed as genetic variation. Smallest genetic similarity coefficient was found between No.8 (obtained from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) and No.19 (obtained from Changling, Jilin Province) at 0.372 6, indicating a relatively far genetic relationship; and largest genetic similarity coefficient was found among No.14 and No.17, No.13 and No.18 (obtained from Yili prefecture, Xinjiang province) at 0.983 9, indicating a relatively near genetic relationship. 4. The 23 Chinese Iris obtained from different populations could be classified into 5 groups, populations found in similar habitats or ecological geographical locations could be divided into the same group. The 1st group was found in Linhe, Inner Mongolia and Zhaosu, Xinjiang, at saline lowland meadow, gravel; the 2nd group was found in western Jilin and Linhe, Inner Mongolia, at saline lowland meadow comprised with perennial grasses, Chenopodiaceae plants, Chinensis Iris and forbs; the 3rd group was found in Xinjiang, at severe salin lowland meadow, gravel, followed by swamp meadow, saline-alkali soil; the 4th group was found in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, at moderate and severe saline lowland meadow, saline-alkaline soil, followed by desolated saline-alkaline soil besides the road, with dark chestnut soil or gravel; the 5th group was found in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shangxi, Jilin and Xinjiang, at gently saline lowland meadow, few were meadow steppe, desert steppe, sandy loam, gravel, dark chestnut soil, and beside the ditches.