Effects Of Bag-controlled Release Fertilizer On The Yield And Quality Of Three Varieties Of Grapes In Xinjiang

The study was conducted in 2010, 3-10 in Research Center of Xinjiang Grape, Melon and Fruit and the Hongqipo farm of Aksu. Using 8-year-old Crimson seedless, 20-year-old Thompson Seedless and 11-year-old Red Globe grape as the test materials, and according to the climatic condition, soil condition and the fertilizer requirements of grape in major grape producing areas of Xinjiang, the kraft paper bags with holes were packed with adequate amount of compost, aiming to control the release rate as well as make the nutrient preservation match the crops' demand for nutrients. This experiment studied the chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaves quality, photosynthetic characteristics, yields and qualities of three grapes regulating by fertilizer of different indices. And here are the effects:1. Effect of various Nutrition Supply Conditions on the chlorophyll content of three grapesUsing the method of this test to determine the chlorophyll content of three varieties of grape, it showed that during the whole life period, the chlorophyll content increased gradually and more quickly the first-phase, then stabilized and showed a tendency toward decrease. The organic fertilizer added with Fe2+ bags affect the chlorophyll content of Crimson seedless most, and organic fertilizer bags affect the chlorophyll content of Thompson Seedless,Red Globe grape most.2. Effect of various Nutrition Supply Conditions on the photosynthetic characteristics of three grapes.The three grapes' net photosynthetic rate Pn were all higher than CK in various Nutrition Supply Conditions, the organic fertilizer with Fe2+ bags performed best on Crimson seedless. The correlation analysis showed that Pn positively correlated with Pn/Ci very significantly, positively correlated with Gs, Tr; whereas negatively with WUE and negatively with Ci very significantly; The net photosynthesis rate Pn of Red Globe grape positively correlated with Gs, WUE and Pn/ Ci, positively correlated with Tr significantly, and negatively correlated with Ci.3. Effect of various Nutrition Supply Conditions on yields of three grapes. The yields of Crimson seedless (the amplitude was 1.8%^-28.4%)had been increased with various fertilizer strategy, The organic fertilizer bags added with Fe2+ got the best result, about 28.4%, the yields was 30733.62kg/km2, with the increase of per ear weight , Seed Weight, ear length and ear diameter respectively. The yields of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe grape increased with various fertilization strategies, comparing with CK, the amplitudes were 5.5%-13.2% and 4.3%^-25.0%. It was the common fertilizer bags that maximized the yields of Thompson Seedless and the organic fertilizer bags went for Red Globe grape. Moreover, the yields of three grapes using bags packed with sustained-release fertilizer were higher than that of CK.4. Effect of various Nutrition Supply Conditions on quality of three grapes.The qualities of three grapes had been improved to certain degrees with various fertilizer strategies. The Crimson seedless performed best on the organic fertilizer with Fe2+ bags, with total soluble solids (TSS), fruit firmness and vitamin C increasing the largest amount rate, yet titratable acid (TA) reduced by 34% comparing with CK. However, both of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe grape performed best on the organic fertilizer bags, with increment of the fruit firmness 0.21 kg.cm^-2and 0.62 kg.cm^-2 respectively, comparing with CK; and the total soluble solids (TSS) also having a larger increase rate comparing with CK, reached a significant level; the decrease rate of titratable acid (TA) was the biggest, with 24.1% and 22.8% respectively; and the vitamin C increased significantly.Overall, the qualities and yields of Crimson seedless improved owing to the organic fertilizer with Fe2+bags; the yields of Thompson Seedless increased significantly owing to the common fertilizer bags, however, the effect of the organic fertilizer bags was most striking in terms of quality; the organic fertilizer bags increased the yields of Red Globe grape as well as improved the quality of its berry. The application of the organic fertilizer bags are recommended in production.