Effects Of Leaf Application Of Fertilizers On The Yield And Quality Of Two Varieties Of Grapes In Xinjiang

With 20-year-old Thompson Seedless grape and 10 years old Crimson Seedless grape as the experimental materials, the experiment was carried on May October, 2009,in the study plots of Research Center of Xinjiang Grape,Melon and Fruit, Shanshan,Xinjiang.For the local soil characteristics and growth of two species the situation,spraying of liquid fertilizer calcium amino acid chelate, balanced nutrition fertilizer, humic acid liquid fertilizer and calcium by different program group with the fertilizer, systematic study spraying fertilizer on yield and quality and physiological effects of Thomson Seedless grape and Crimson Seedless grape in different conditions. For the leading grape in Xinjiang fertilizer formulations, and spraying fertilizer reasonable grapes provide a theoretical basis, and thus of great significance to the promotion of farmers income, the results are as follows:1. The impact of photosynthetic characteristics of grapes under different leaf application of fertilizersAfter a year of testing can be seen spraying fertilizer, leaf application of fertilizers may make grape leaf chlorophyll SPAD values and photosynthetic rates increased, spray of 8 processing program of which the best effect.The correlation analysis shows: leaf of Thompson Seedless grape Pn and Gs, Tr, WUE, Pn / Ci was positively correlated, with Ci negatively correlated; leaf of Crimson seedless grape Pn and Gs, Tr was positively correlated with Ci also was negatively correlated, with WUE and Pn / Ci were highly significant positive correlation, indicating photosynthesis mainly by non-stomatal factors.2. The impact on the growth of grape leaves under different leaf application of fertilizersWith the spray times and spray fertilizer program changes of leaf area of grape to increase.Flowering leaf growth is very fast, compared to flowering berry enlargement of leaves have also been increased, but the increase was not significant, mature leaves are growing, the growth rate over the previous two slow a lot, obviously presents "fast before the steady, slow decline after the" law of Thompson Seedless grape.Leaf area of Crimson grape growth rate is not so obvious non-nuclear white, color changing of leaves almost no growth, and spraying fertilizer was no significant difference between the short, after each spraying fertilizer treatment of two grape varieties are 8 processing program leaf area of growth is the largest.3. The impact of yield of grapes under different leaf application of fertilizersTwo program of Thomson seedless grape compared with the control outside the other treatment were higher than the control (increasing by 12.75% ~ 24.57%), in which the program by spraying foliage for single spike weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, kernel weight of 8 program, yield of Thomson seedless grape increase compared with the control is the biggest (respectively 66.46%, 17.91%, 29.63% and 24.57%); foliar fertilizer were made to increase production of Crimson Seedless grape (increase of 12.03% ~ 27.58%), of which spraying for 8 program, its yield reached 30295.27 kg/hm2, with an increase of 27.58% compared to the control, single panicle weight increased 46.79 percent, grain length and grain width is the biggest(respectively 22.73mm and 15.22mm)and100- grain weight was increased 41.42%.4. The impact of quality of grapes under different leaf application of fertilizersLeaf application of fertilizers were to improve the quality of grapes. The best effect of spraying for 8 program of Thomson seedless grape: the fruit firmness, soluble solids, and also ascorbic acid content compared with the control is the largest, titratable acid content decreased significantly compared with the control,it was decreased 28.57%; berries of Crimson seedless grapes of 8 program maximum hardness, soluble solids content increase of 4.44% compared to the control, and the significant level of titratable acidity reduced the maximum rate,and also improved ascorbic acid significantly.Overall show, spraying leaf application of fertilizers can improve yield and berry quality of grapes, of which two grapes varieties are spraying with 8 program is the best, it can be applied in production.