| In recent years, natural and man-made disasters have been frequently occurring around the world and seriously threatening people s lives. Especially in densely populated cities, people in complex buildings have lower chance of escape when disasters arise. Specifically, high-rise commercial building is one kind of such complex building which integrates commercial, office, leisure, entertainment and other different functions, and is characterized with intense population density and wealth accumulation. As a result, in the event of danger, people s self-saving and escaping in such places are facing lots of difficulties and problems. Unfortunately, by reviewing and surveying current literature and researches, it is found that most domestic and international researches focus on disaster prevention or post- incident rescue issues, and it remains blank on the aspect of how to increase people s survival opportunities by helping their self-saving activities. These justify the meaning and value of this study.Firstly, based on the investigation and typical case analysis of major disasters in recent years, Anthropologic and Ethnographic methods are applied to study in-depth the real-life experience of victims and survivors from disasters, and to record their psychological and behavioral activities during the process of self-saving and escaping. Plentiful data are acquired on self-saving and escaping behavior and phenomenon. Then by experimental simulation of disaster site, the reasoning of subjects route selection and the motivation behind their behaviors are analyzed, the safety design deficiencies of existing building are investigated and identified, and the envisaged solution are provided. Based on these theoretic and practical researches, the design principles for self-saving and escaping in high-rise commercial buildings are proposed at five correlative levels: building structure, indoor facility, identification & orientation, management service and personal self-saving product. Lastly, as an application example, the design of a personal self-saving product is demonstrated to interpret its assistant to people s self-saving and escaping under sudden disaster. It is the author s belief that with the development of urbanization, the conducted researches and proposed design principles in this study will play a greater role serving public safety. |
