Study On Applicable Technology For Rural Solid Waste Classification And Recycling

At present, the rural solid waste in mixed collection is given priority to in vast countryside of China. The putrescible organic waste which has a high level of moisture content is directly mixed with other waste. Because of the mixed collection, the hidden troubles on the safety of landfill sites were increased, and the calorific value of waste was reduced. What is more, resource recycling of the rural solid waste was seriously wasted, especially the recycle of organic waste was neglected. On the other hand, because lack of understanding and inadequate management of disposal on the rural solid waste, leads to the extensive and single disposal technology. The landfill with lagging and simple process, and open or indigenous incineration, both becomes the most major treatment and disposal methods, which causes serious secondary pollution, poor reduction effect, and low resource utilization rate. Because of the common problems such as rapid growth, worsening pollution, and resource erosion, we take simple classification as the foundation, the utilization for priority, the pollution control as the key point. Then we integrate and optimize some technologies, such as solid waste classification, high quality pretreatment, forcible static fermentation, wastewater and waste gas biological purification, which could effectively solve the technical problem about reduction, resource and harmless of rural solid waste. According to our study, the main results are as follows:1) The percentage of organic composition (kitchen waste is the main component) in rural solid waste is nearly 70%.2) A technology system which was suitable for rural solid waste classification, and collection and transportion was established. According to the main classification principle, the rural solid waste was simplely classified as two kinds:the putrescible organic waste and the other waste. Then the rural solid waste was classifiedly collected and airtight transported. After the system applied in the demonstration area, the effect was very good. The percentage of rural solid waste separate collection is over 97% every day, and percentage of farmers'participation in waste classification remained above 95%, and percentage of classification accuracy (correct+basic right) almost maintained above 90%.3) The integration technologies of classification, resource treatment and utilization on rural solid waste were created. Based on the simple classification by farmers before the direct transport, the putrescible organic waste was broken and transmited by machinery, new intermittent and forcible static micro-fermentation, and then the putrescible organic waste become compost. After mechanical classification and screening optimization process, we obtained the high quality of organic fertilizers. For example, after the technical system applied in Caoqiao village,117t organic fertilizer of which quality has meeted the national industry standard (NY525-2002), and 59t soil amendment were produced annually. And the percentage of rural solid waste reduction was as high as 56%, resource utilization percentage increased more than 50%.4) The application of technologies of classification, resource treatment and utilization on rural solid waste has remarkablely economic, social and environmental benefits. The key technology not only decreased the cost of transportation and treatment, and reduced environmental pollution, but also produced the applicable organic fertilizer. The concept of rural solid waste classification and recycle was widely accepted.