| In 2007, "Guidance to Carry Out Eco-compensation Pilot Work" issued by SEPA stated clearly that the eco-compensation pilot work should be developed in the basin water environment protection and other important areas and raised to explore the establishment of ecological compensation. This is the first time that watershed ecological compensation mechanism is elaborated more comprehensive and standardized from the national policy level. As one of China's seven major river basin, Liaohe River Basin across Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, exempted 15 cities. It is not only an important economic area but also one of the shortest and most polluted water resources in China which has a serious impact on the basin's sustainable economic development. Over the years, although upstream region committed themselves to ecological construction and protection, the economic development and protection of watershed ecological environment is very conspicuous because of the poor economy of upstream region. So the ecological protection, water management, assessment of the value of ecosystem services of watershed and the build of ecological compensation mechanism of Liaohe River Basin are of great practical significance.Based on analysis of the existing ecological compensation standard theory methods, we take Liaohe River Basin as the research object, survey its main stream and tributary, assess the value of ecosystem service and measure willingness to accept and willingness to pay of the residents emphatically. After building the calculation of Liaohe River Basin ecological compensation, we get the conclusions are as follows:Without considering other factors, if we use the non-parametric estimation, WTP is 125.09 RMB Yuan/person·years and WTA is 196.35 RMB Yuan/person·years; Considering other factors, if we use the parametric estimation, WTP is 145.603 RMB Yuan/person·years and WTA is 341.074 RMB Yuan/person·years.Then we focus the analysis and empirical testing on the difference of WTP and WTA. At last, we put forward hierarchical vertical type negotiation mechanism, horizontal inter-government negotiation mechanism and internal market-based negotiation mechanism from three dimensions which solve the problem of the ecological compensation of Liaohe River Basin effectively.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:Firstly, taking Liaohe River Basin as an example, we build the calculation model of watershed ecological compensation, estimate WTP and WTA of basin residents and account out the specific criterion of ecological compensation based on the actual situation of the Liaohe River Basin. Secondly, we study the difference of the Liaohe River Basin residents' WTP and WTA, and analyze the reasons for the difference empirically and theoretically. Thirdly, we propose the gradual negotiation mechanism to solve choice of the Liaohe River Basin ecological compensation for the first time. |
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