Study On Coordination Of Ecological Improvement And Peaseants' Livelihood In Loess Plateau Of North Shaanxi

Peasants played an very important role in ecological improvement. Peasants contact with grasslands, forests, land, water and other ecological elements through cultivation, livestock, irrigation, firewood and other subsistence activities, peasants are the basic unit which related to ecological environment directly .A basic evaluation criteria of ecological improvement is support to the sustainable livelihoods of peasants. Loess Plateau Ecological improvement Practice provides us a representative sample. Starting from peasants livelihoods, study the level of peasants'livelihood,livelihood capital, livelihood strategies and livelihood changes in ecological improvement area,study ecological impact on livelihoods of peasants and the effcet of peasants livelihood activities on the ecological improvement, we found: Profits of Ecological improvement in North Loess Plateau is significant,Ecological Deterioration has been contained initially, ecology improved partily, the vegetation coverage increased; Peasants livelihood diversified, the level of livelihood raise, livelihood strategies optimize. One in five households achieved livehood transition ,break away from traditional agricultural production. The general livelihood patterns of peasants such as concurrent business, agriculture, working, farming and fruit industry are developed variety ; Ecological impact of peasants'livelihood changes,different kinds of Livelihood has different environmental effection.In village level, the closure of population - ecological resources system is broken, village even the whole area can export pressure of population on ecology, bring in external resources, reduce the pressure of population on ecology,this lay the foundation for ecological restoration. Meanwhile, villages are "overall declined, few renaissance" , a large number of empty communities appears, generate rural development issues.The fundamental way to improve North Shaanxi Loess Plateau Ecology is implement historic strategic of residents shift in hilly area, reduce population carrying capacity, building ecological rear. We must grasp the historical opportunity of ecological improvement firmly, protect and develop the right of peasants, coordinat the relationship between ecological protection and peasants'livelihood, continue to promote the ecological construction. In Policy, (1)sub- peasants to increase support. Reform the household registration system to enable peasants to get and stay in town and have a better lives; Support peasants in village, implement household registration system, targeting accurately, broadening channels of peasants livelihood, Enhance social security for peasants who in hardship; (2)Geographical segments, continue to implement ecological restoration. Peasants living in Village is destructive force, but also the potential force of ecological construction;(3)Adjust the structure of ecological , economic forest and grass according to local conditions.Too many ecological forest have no mass base, peasants destroy forest in needs of livelihood, ecological forest has the basis for existence only economic forest developed and support peasants livelihood; (4)New countryside construction coordinate with ecological improvement. Construct basic farmland, promot agricultural technology, improve agricultural productivity and farm income. Building large and central village in place which natural conditions are good.Speed up ecological migrants, reduce population in ecologically fragile areas and promote them to valley, wide plateau and other place which natural conditions are relatively better. Carry out ecological restoration in population dissipated areas, achieve "moved one home, greened a mountain."...