| The study is conducted by the investigation of production, circulation and application of chemical fertilizer in Hubei province, to understand the development of chemical fertilizer and the problems existing fertilizer industry in Hubei province. Considering the development and tendency of chemical fertilizer inside and outside country or province, according to category of nitrogen fertilizer, potassic fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic manure, foliar fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and so on, policies or strategies would be provided by the situation of crop, landform and physiognomy, soil types, climate and rainfall, agronomical value, fanner income of Hubei province, the main are as follows:1 The quantity of chemical fertilizer usage in our country is the most, production and application of chemical fertilizer take the first situation in the world, and self-supported rate ( 自给率) of fertilizer is 80%, the techniques of fertilizer application are being standardized. But the current researches about fertilization techniques are focused on improving the usage of single production, and lacking of the studies of macroscopical, flexible or sustainable fertilization concepts and implementing mechanisms with problems followed as: (1) The production and application of chemical fertilizer are the most in the world, but the technics of manufacture and application of chemical fertilizers are very lagging. (2) The output of high-analysis fertilizer and compound fertilizer is increased by year, but the technics of manufacture is very poor. (3) Market appropriation of domestic chemical fertilizer is increased steadily, but the situation that some kinds of fertilizers are still supplied by import will not be changed drastically. (4) Some enterprises developed imbalanceablly, and its structure was not reasonable, industry centrality was low. (5)In fertilizer circulation trade, the situation that fertilizer wholesale trade depended on agromaterial companies (农资公å¸) , "Three stations" and fertilizer enterprises, fertilizer retail trade carried by individual or private enterprises, have been formed. (6)The techniques of fertilizer application were improved, reasonable fertilizer usage contributed to crop yield and food quality significantly. But because of unreasonable fertilization, the problem of environmental pollution, wasting resources, food quality, food safety, decreased soil fertility, water pollution, eutrophication of river basin and so on are becoming severe.2 The current situation, main problems of chemical fertilizer in province and solution(1) In Hubei province, the situation of fertilizer production is over the middle-level in our country, compound fertilizer production was developed rapidly, otherwise, the percentage of the enterprises that the annual production was above 10,0000 tons was 6% in all 200 enterprises, and the enterprises that annual production was over 50,000 tons was less than 20%, new type chemical fertilizer was developed imbalancablly, industrialized techniques of organic fertilizer are very perfect, which belong to advanced range, the number of the little-scale or local potassic fertilizer factory is large, and in the factories, the production technics and equipment are simple, the standards of fertilizers are multifarious, the production quality is not maintained very good, much money was put into the manufacture of high-analysis potassic fertilizer and urea, so the equipment of the production is advanced, and the quality is perfect and stabilized, outputs of the high content potassic fertilizer and urea are increased based on the stabilized level annually, production and application of organic fertilizer was carried out for a long time, but the development is very slow. (2)solution and strategies By the local practices, pay attention to the production of mixed fertilizer and balanced fertilizeralong with strengthening the macroscopical management, controlling the number of fertilizer enterprises, supporting the large-scale fertilizer enterprises with new technology, new techniques and new facilities, speeding the construction of the production base of organic fertilizer.3 Current situation and main problems of fertilizer circulation(1) In Hubei province, the flow of fertilizer trade is quick, fertilizer distribution management is disordered with main problems are as follows: the dominant situation of the Supply and Marketing Corporation was impaired along with boosting the sell ability of fertilizer enterprises and "The stations", outstanding the manage function of personal or private fertilizer, various sell styles of chemical fertilizer brought energy for fertilizer circulation, but because of the absence of Market-permitted Institution, the problems of increase of disorder sell and management difficulty is more serious than before.(2) StrategiesUnder the help of local government, establish the large-scale fertilizer center with strong force, some companies can bound the after-services techniques with products to sell, and in some places, recuring to technical service section, take the measure that is soil-testing —?balanced fertilizer —? common production—? direct sales to farmers-*' fertilization guidance in field, set up all kinds of normative agricultural material supermarket sales networks, induct large-scale fertilizer enterprises to establish the own sale model.4 Current situation and problems of fertilizer application in Hubei province(1) The quantity of farmers' fertilization in Hubei province is equal to average level of our country, the farmers' fertilization level in Hubei province or our country was lower than in developed country significantly, farmers fertilization is not reasonable with high nitrogen, low phosphor, less Potassium and never microelement, which can result in low fertilizer usage efficiency, serious resources waste. The expenditure percentage of farmers' fertilization expenditure was averaged 38.5% to total agricultural expenditure lowing the well-balanced proportion. Because of unreasonable fertilization, the crops in some places showed serious symptoms deficient in microelement. In farmers' fertilization, mixture proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is imbalancable, low application of industrialized organic fertilizer.(2) StrategiesSolution: prescription fertilization—? balanced fertilization—*- operation of precise fertilization techniques(1) Ensuring a certain land block(2) Choose a prescription model(3) Develop the prescription fertilizer(B2^rflE*4)(4) By the investigation of different areas, different crops, fertilization in different season, know the fertilization status, and then based on the factors of the local crops, land-capability, the situation of soil nutrient and agricultural products price, apply "the Expert System of Balanced Fertilization on Computer" in treating the results, recommended fertilization and optimum fertilization technique according to the different crops in hillock areas north of Hubei, limestone areas of Wu Linyuan west of Hubei province, Da bie Mountain areas and Its south areas.(5) Improving and perfecting the local agricultural tecnniques, especially in the system of the trial demonstration and recommendation of new fertilizer technology. |
