| Guangdong economy development, espically in the pearl river delta district have kept flourishing vigor continuously and the GDP accelerated speed ranked high in the country even in the world after the reform and open police. New and steep demand for the Guangdong forestry have been put forword. by the increasing obvious contradiction between environment and development because of the rapid economic and social development..For the acclimation of forestry development in the new period, Guangdong Forestry Bureau puts the grandiose goal of " Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction" forword primarily in the country. For this purpose,the forest ecology base of " Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction",the credible scientific technology support of "Guangdong forestry and ecology engineering construction" have been researched in this disquisition.The disquisition includes four parts: The first part is background study, expatiate the conception of the forestry and ecology province , domestic and oversea ecological anamnesis,the imminence of ecology construction,the necessary and significant of the Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction, the configuration of the forestry and ecology construction.The second part is survey introduction, mainly introduce the general situation of nature,society and economy of Guangdong province;In the third part,the forestry ecology base of the Guangdong forestry ecology construction have been analyzed roundly according to the forest ecological inspect results of Guangdong in 2002; in the last part,the technic measures, results,conundrum and consultation institution in the water and soil holding forest ecological engineering,the fountainhead self-restraint forest ecological engineering,the coast defence forest ecological engineering, the coast mangrove forest ecological engineering,the farmland forest net construction engineering have been analyzed and researched. The main results are as follows:1.The heavy task and far road of Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction1.1.The ecological situation of the Guangdong forestry: In the whole province,the woodland area is about 104814 thousand ha, the forest overlay ratio is 51.3%,the forest average close degree is 0.57, the whole alive stumpage cumulation capacity is 297 million m3,the whole forest plant biological capacity is 436.5 million tons,the function rank of the ecological commonweal forest is that 18.6% is in the first degree and 45.8% is in the second degree,94.5% forest is well—balanced,the forest condition index is 29.8,the community diversity index is 4.168, the forest nature degree is very low,only 1.5% is in the first degree, the annual woodland soil losing capacity is 17283 thousand m3, the woodland soil texture with general chemical capacity have low soilfertility,67% is in degradation(1988-2002),the annual forest assimilation carbon dioxide capacity is 704 million tons, the gross releasing oxygen is 512 million tons, the gross storing carbon is 192 million tons,the gross storing energy is 8423850 million MJ, the annual self-restraint fountainhead supply water capacity is 13857 million tons. 1.2.Comparing Guangdong and margin province forestry ecological situation: since the slogan "virescence Guangdong in ten years" was put forword in 1985,the forest overlay ratio is higher than the national average,lower than Fujian province ,higher than Hunan and Jiangxi province,but the forest quality is not very high, two index such as the proportion of the natural forest and the forest unit area cumulation capacity are lower than that of the national average level and other border province, the personal average wood cumulation capacity is lower than that of the national average level but higher than Hunan comparing with the margin province.1.3.The existing problems in Guangdong forestry ecological enviroment are as fellows:the low forest ecosystem efficiency; the lacking of fountainhead and water quality, ineffective methods to control the losing water and soil radically;the havoc of the biological diversity;the diseased farmland and coast defence forest construction and the severe atmosphere pollution and acid rain in pearl river delta district. 2.The credible scientific technological support for the Guangdong forestry and ecology constructionThe basic forestry ecological engineering of the Gunagdong forestry and ecology province construction such as the water and soil holding forest ecological engineering,the fountainhead self-restraint forest ecological engineering,the coast defence forest ecological engineering, the coast mangrove forest ecological engineering,the farmland forest net construction engineering ,come down to many social science espically many complex problems in the natural science,for example the tree species selection,structure collocation,foresting technological measures,managing mode and so on,so the scientific research is needed,and the practice of the ecological engineering construction must be instructed by the results of the scientific research. 2.1.In the cause of controlling water and soil losing, many arbor species and its collocation technologies have been summarized from the experiment in some regions of Guangdong ,but the systematic investigation and summarization of the excellent water—and—soil holding tree species for different losing types and mother rocks in the whole province is needed for the better collation mode(mixing combination) by integrating the researchs of the natural hypoforest communities because of the dispersing results and technologies. From the distant vision, constructing and resuming terrain forest plant communities sep by sep should be the scientific and reasonable causes of controlling water and soil losing.The primary phase of controlling naturalenvironment losing ecological engineering is that cultivating rapid growing tree species,virescence and overlay against time, selecting tree species such as Acaccia confusa,Acaccia auriformis,Acaccia mangium,Eucalyptus urophylla, Vetiver zizanioides and so on, make it viridescence as soon as possible.,and then selecting excellent native broadleaf tree,enhancing the forest ecological function. The development of the terrain stable forest communities should be considered after the forest run to a certain phase.2.2.The implementation of riverhead forest construction prosecutes scientific layout according to some related speciality research datum. Considering the practicality of forntain forest reserve ,the summarization, experimentation and generalization of the afforestation scicentific and technological results according to the overall arrangement and demand of the riverhead forest in the whole province must be made. The realization of high grade fountain forest construction engineering with high surviving and preserving ratio may reduce nature enviroment losing,adjusting pathway current enhance the forest overlay ratio,exert the function of controlling flood and filling low water prior to enhance the forest overlay ratio,therefore,the choiceness of the water resources in great rivers and reservoirs,the achievement of the national enviornment quality standard for some kind of water such as ground water,table water,farmland irrigation water,fish culture water can be insured, and so, the integrated renovation of drainage area,ecological enviroment protection and improvement, economic benefit enhancement, exertion of the efficiency of multtree fountain protection forest can be realized.2.3.The construction of "High efficient steady coast defence forest system "must depend on scientific technological support,the ratine tree choice and artificial afforestation should be discarded in the coast defence forest engineering construction. The immobility quicksand with whole afforestation in the flowing dene with 3—5 metre can be applied, the method of Blocking front and drawing back,smoothing the mound peak"can be used to immobile quicksand higher than 10 metres because of the low water table and difficult for the tree to survive. The concrete measure is afforestation to immobile sand below the middle line of the sand dune,,let the sand grain in the dune peak go to leeward by means of sea breeze ,reduce the dune height.The main tree species in mud coast defence forest are Casuarina equisetifolia,Taxodium distichum,Taxodium ascenes,Melia azedarach,Acaccia confusa, Acaccia auriformis,Acaccia mangium,and mangrove.2.4.The many subject principles such as terrain distributing principle,strip distributing principle,harmony stablization principle, mutually living and conquering principle,ecology digit principle, afforestation in suitable terra and the aesthetics design principle must be fellowed in the mangrove ecological engineering related tomany subject and many working procedures because of the special growth enviroment, high resuming artificial afforestation difficults,no forest after afforestation year-by-year, the faultiness of the ecological system functions,biology instability,unharmonious sight,the bad durative expansibility. For the high efficiency and low affair, the modern technic measures include difficult enviroment alteration,resuming and rebuilding technology,complex ecological technology integrating fishing and foresting, the technology of collecting seed and educating seedling and the inseminating technology should be exerted neatly.2.5.As the expanding farmland forest net energetically,to construct "high efficiency stable zoology economy type farmland forest nef'should search scientific technological support to avoid the immobilization of the enthusiasm in traditional defence forest construction technology.The farmland forest net construction engineering of Guangdong province manily distribute in the pearl river delta, the hill and mesa in the west of Guangdong.The pearl river delta as the important base for the farmland forest net development,includes 4 kinds of soil types according to the terra type: low mound eluviation type^ Plain fresh water type -. river net tide irrigation type ^ sea shore . The West Guangdong hill and mesa,the important base to develop slope field forest net ,mainly distributing in Maoming and Zhanjiang district is the only tropic north edge terrain.Mesa including granite, shale, basalt, sediment rank terra composing with Zhanjiang series shallow sea sediment and part hill mountainous region which belongs to granite are the main soil types. The soil in this district is maize brick red soil from the south of Maoming to the north of Nanduhe and the south of Leizhou peninsula is brick red soil with iron quality. The tree species to develop sloping field forest net are Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp.Taxodium distichum,Psidium javanea and so on.To summarize,science and technology is productivity. The forestry of Guangdong meets a new development opportunity. For the contribution to the "Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction",generalizing service work about forestry science and technology, enhancing the innovation ability,the results translation ratio of the forestry science and technology, earring out the technological demand earnestly must be exerted. This disquisition can supply some references to constitute the concrete implemental layout design for "Guangdong forestry and ecology province construction" with science technology support. |
PDF Full Text Request