Based On Clusters Of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm Research

As a new paradigm of technology in the range of information acquisition and processing that combines multi-subject such as computer science, communications, sensor technology and etc., wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are in a wide range of applications and very popular in the military fields, academic community and industry. Recently, the main researches on WSNs are focused on the homogeneous WSNs. Different from the homogeneous WSNs, heterogeneous WSNs (HWSNs ) are composed of varied types of sensor nodes with different sensing abilities, computation abilities, communications abilities and initial energy settings. HWSNs models are more suitable to the actual applications fields than those of the homogeneous WSNs, and can meet the demands of various applications for the technologies of sensor networks. In a word, HWSNs generalize the homogeneous WSNs.However, due to the limited energy setting in sensor nodes and complicated environments in application fields, it is hard to re-deploy energy for the running sensor networks. Thus, how to enhance the energy efficiency in HWSNs is a key technique. Presently, the energy efficiency researches are mainly focused on the clustering model. Based on the heterogeneity in HWSNs, the energy efficient clustered routing algorithms have been explored and a novel protocol for HWSNs is designed in this dissertation, especially. The main research works are listed in the following:1. The modeling about the HWSNs. Through the researches on the homogeneous WSNs models and the considerations about the actual applications, an integrated heterogeneous network model is proposed. Combining the heterogeneity, the characteristics, challenges, key techniques and the performance evaluations in HWSNs are discussed. In addition, the architecture of HWSNs is introduced.2. The programming of energy consumption in HWSNs. Based on the definition about the heterogeneous network, the mathematical programming of the energy consumption in clustered heterogeneous model is presented. Through an analysis of energy dissipation model, a function of the optimum number of clusters for HWSNs is obtained and the relationship between homogeneous WSNs and HWSNs is discussed, which indicate that homogeneous WSNs is just a special form in HWSNs.3. The design and evaluation of EDFCM algorithm. Based on the energy dissipation forecast scheme, EDFCM is proposed. The nodes'initial energy, energy consumption rate and the residual energy in the nodes are considered in this algorithm. Moreover, a cluster heads management scheme is introduced in EDFCM to guarantee the reliable transmission in HWSNs. We evaluate the performance of EDFCM via MATLAB 2007 simulations. Simulation results indicate that the number of cluster heads each round is stable and the dead time of the first dead node in our EDFCM can be prolonged nearly by 18% and 200% when compared with DEEC and LEACH, respectively. In addition, the amount of messages received by BS will increase by 14% and 50%, respectively. All the results above show EDFCM to be of advantage to HWSNs.