Wireless Sensor Networks, Low-power Sub-cluster Routing Algorithm

In the application of the wireless sensor networks, Because the data storage and transmission capacity of the entire network is limited by the energy of sensor nodes, How to effectively use the sensor nodes energy and how to extend the network lifecycle becomes the two key problems in designing the wireless sensor network routing protocol, It is a hot research topic in the field to manage a net in the network-level from a management point of view.The paper illustrates the classification and characteristics of routing protocol in the wireless sensor networks, in which we compares the performance of two kind of methods: plane management and graded management. Because cluster-based routing protocol—LEACH algorithm is a representative algorithm in wireless sensor networks, we studied its running mechanism and performance in detail.Because the LEACH algorithm randomly selects clusters heads, it has a certain defects in energy conservation. We proposed an improved algorithm considering the defects of LEACH algorithm. First of all, we calculate the optimal number of partitions depending on your network distribution achieving energy savings. Secondly, In order that the cluster heads can cover the entire network uniformly, we fixed clustering methods of wireless sensor networks relatively, and made the size of the regional similar. Thirdly, we should restrict the number of the head-cluster based on the virtual cell, and we are choose the sensor which has more energy to turn into the head sensors.In addition, the average distance, every sensor to others, must be minimum is a factor we should be think over. Finally, the routing protocol that the head-clusters send the data to the base station is varied: the member in per cluster send the data to the head-clusters in one jump, and the head-clusters send the data to the base station maybe need some jumps. The head-clusters that far from the base station send the integrated data to the neighbor cluster, then this head-cluster send the data to the next neighbor cluster, last the head-cluster which is close to the base station can send the data.The improvements are based on the LEACH algorithm. We use the MATLAB tools for simulation test, and the tests' results have been compared to traditional LEACH algorithm, the experiment indicates that the improved algorithm has extended the network lifecycle and saving the energy.