High-precision Single Station Passive Location And Tracking Technologies

Passive localization and tracking system plays an important role in the electronic reconnaissance, because it works silently without electromagnetic radiation and covering larger region. Single observer passive localization and tracking (SOPLAT) system avoid time synchronization and data fusion. So it more and more become a research focus. The basic problem in target motion analysis (TMA) is to estimate the trajectory of an object from noise corrupted sensor data. In the practical applications, the position and velocity of target possibly can be obtained by a single moving observation platform using measurement data. In this dissertation, several technology problems of passive localization and tracking are discussed. They are model, principle and filter algorithm. Specially, some advanced localization theory with higher precision and fast speed is introduced. It significantly improves the performance of localization and tracking system. The dissertation is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, firstly background of SOPLAT is briefly introduced. Thereafter some usual techniques of localization and tracking are described. Modeling of localization and tracking is still fundamental problem. In Chapter 2, several difference models are analyzed. In particular, the state equation is constructed for stationary and moving target. Moreover, the process noise that drives the dynamic nonlinear system is discussed. At last, modeling of maneuvers is brief introduced. The principles of SOPLAT are emphasis in Chapter 3. It is difficult for traditional measurements to determine the position of emitter quickly and accurately. How to make use of the available information from electromagnetic radiation is key to improve the performance of passive localization and tracking. Several advanced methods based on phase difference rate, Doppler difference rate and time difference rate are introduced in this chapter. Furthermore, the corresponding formulae of localization and tracking are derived step by step. In addition, the observability requirements for TMA are very important to practical application. So observability for every technique is discussed in the dissertation.