Sound Source Localization Based On Microphone Array Technology Research

Sound localization is a technology to achieve the sound source tracking and localization, which based on a certain algorithm processing after acoustic sensor pick up the acoustic signals. The technology is widely used in voice communication, hearing aids, military and other fields. Particularly, on the location of some specific sound or instantaneous noise at the random position has a unique practical value. At present, most research papers about sound source localization algorithm is mainly derived from computer simulation and ignore some factors such as reverberation. Therefore, the real time factor, response speed and feasibility of the localization methods need to be more profound studied, especially for automatic tracking of the instantaneous sound capabilities.Take the first step from the application background, this paper discusses the most widely used microphone array sound source localization algorithms. And for some algorithms application problems, several improved feasible solution are put forward. A real time instantaneous sound source location system is designed with the virtual instrumentation technology in this thesis, and the main tasks of this paper as below:Firstly, This paper introduces the microphone array signal processing current research situation and its main areas of application status. Then it discusses the difference between microphone array signal processing and narrow-band antenna array signal processing, and proposes the problems which processing microphone array signal has to face.Secondly, based on acoustical environment for different applications, the paper analyzes the microphone array mathematical model of sound localization. Especially, with a analysis focused on 4-elements plane square array three-dimensional localization model, it gives a improvement of the shortcomings of 4-elements plane square array.Thirdly, By summarizes the microphone array sound source localization method, generalized cross-correlation algorithm and its extended form are the most typical time delay estimation algorithms. MUSIC algorithm can be used for multi-target location, but narrowband MUSIC algorithm requires a modify before it can be effectively applied to the wideband signal processing.Finally, the writer designs a instantaneous sound source localization system which is programmed by mix the MATLAB language into the Lab VIEW language and based on cross-power spectrum algorithm. A multifunctional data collect card(Advantech PCI-1714) is used as the hardware platform for instantaneous sound detection and high speed sound data acquisition, and the locatable speed and precision of this system is preferable. The data acquisition platform is later used to test the improved MUSIC algorithm.