Suburbs Of Beijing Rural Livelihoods Changes

Based itself on the macro background in which great changes has taken place in Northeast suburb Beijing since 1930s', and adopted a Han country community which existed in the social transition period as the research object, the thesis gave a crosswise sociology analysis on the villagers' economical life and living situation from the aspects of history, economical transition, and social structure, on the basis of which the factors which led into the transition of villagers' living manners was explored, therefore, villagers' rational thoughts on selection of living manners was illustrated.Sociology and anthropology are both used in the thesis to analyze the first-hand data got from field investigation; therefore, the living situation in different transition period of Shajing village was presented vividly. The inner motive of social transition, the relationship network, the social flow and the adjust of social structure in the transition background are illustrated from the aspect of changing of living manners.The investigation of South Manchuria Railways Co.(SMR) in 1940s' unfolded us a whole picture of the country community in Northeast china, which takes Shajing village as a epitome. As the representative, it was given a systematic description in terms of population, land, relation of production, social stratum, social structure, etc. Villagers' changing living manners is an important variable of social transition, and it has reflected the essence of "agricultural involution".Since the foundation of PRC till 1980s', relationship of the country and peasants has been put into a continuous interact state. On the one hand, the government has controlled peasants' social and economical life by means of land reformation and collectivization, esp. people's commune. On the other hand, confronted with the living crisis, peasants in Shajing Village have been asking for a concession from the country by various "weapons of the vulnerable", so as to enlarge their living space. All these led into the conclusion that peasants are not that "do-nothing", a kind of modern interior mechanism that existed in them has played an important role.Since opening and reforming, the people of Shajing village have formed their own living type. They say good-bay to living depending on land, and formed rational value orientation through complying with regeneration and market. They also accumulate, transfer and evolve to form a distinctive society structure and peace during the distinctive process of history and function.Through the resolution of this disquisition, we can see that the flux of community is going on with the progress of civil life and living. Only when the peace and social structure are propitious to the living type, the existent and evolutionary space will be kept and widen. In summing up the flux process of the village from village community to social community, extending to the whole north China, we also can see that the rural society is gradually close to multiple society which is near urban level and higher heterogeneity from the state which is higher regional and higher together-caring. The result is an urban community of functional decomposition interact exchange and interest demanding.