| During the teaching in Suzhou and Huzhou, Hu-Yuan , an outstanding scholar and educationalist of Northern Song , founded a unique complete teaching method and theory , called "the Teaching of Su-Hu" in the history, taking "MING-TI-DA-YONG" as the guiding ideology, "Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" as the teaching principle. Through having been practised for more than twenty years in two districts of Su-Hu , it was instructed for the method of the imperial college by Song Renzong in AD 1044, which having fostered "over a thousand and seven hundred students" who could be used by the country. It replaced the teaching method of the center institution of higher learning from a teaching method of the locality.In the history of the Chinese educational system, for the first time, Mr. Hu Yuan's " Teaching of Su-Hu" divided the teaching organizational form into two parts: Jing-Yi Room and Zhi-Shi Room, in the same school; For the first time, it put practical subjects and Confucian classics on an equal footing; For the first time, it was founded and carried out the teaching of divided subjects and the system of the obligatory andelective courses; In the history of the world teaching system, the teaching of divided subjects and the system of the obligatory and elective courses founded by Hu Yuan was earlier than the ones of every other countries of the world for more than four hundred years. We can say, the Teaching of Su-Hu was that Mr. Hu Yuan had made particular contributions to the Chinese educational theory and educational practice, even to the world educational theory and educational practice.Ou Yangxiu , ZhuXi, Huang Zongxi, Qin Shouzhang had the greatest esteem for the Teaching of Su-Hu and spoke highly of it respectively: "His teaching method was perfect", "The teacher had ways to teach his students", "The teacher's teaching method was appropriate to accomplish talents", "His method was best". Those "perfect having ways, appropriate, best" gave the Teaching of Su-Hu an apt appraisal. Modern professor Chen Qingzhi acclaimed the Teaching of Su-Hu as "an education of having the world's interest" and "a lively education".The contents of the Teaching of Su-Hu were extremely substancial. It concluded the teaching method of separated subjects, the teaching method of divided groups, the teaching method of lecturing , the teaching method of discussing, theteaching method of praising and encouraging the teaching method of pleasure, the method of object teaching, the method of on-the-spot teaching, the method of personality, the method of emotion-throwing and so forth.The Teaching of Su-Hu not only made outstanding contributions to the education and teaching of Song Dynasty, but also exerted a great profound influence to the later educational thought and system. We can say that the Teaching of Su-Hu was one of important component parts in the Chinese ancient heritage of the teaching methods and broke through the old teaching methods. It was an abundant heritage on education and teaching.Consequently, analyzing, judging, probing, studying the Teaching of Su-Hu will be conducive for us to comprehending the cultural and educational policies and the thread of the educational development of Song Dynasty and reveal the specific contents and roles under the special times, as well as to give some enlightenment and references for our today's Quality Education. Especially nowadays when the education of our country is in the transformation, there is an important immediate significance to research and use the Teaching of Su-Hu for reference. There are many useful modern values, suchas in the transformation of educational senses the innovation of teaching methods, the transferring of teachers' roles the adjustment of the relations between teachers and students activating students' characters and offering the obligatory and elective courses, etc. |
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