Exploitation Protection Development And Pastoral Ecology, Livelihood

Basing on a field study on Kalamaili, this article gives some examples to ntangle the complex relationship between protection and development practices, nd discusses the changes of ecology and livelihood on an empirical level. Then re try to explore the labyrinthine relationship among ecological protection, esource exploitation and pastoral development in Kalamaili.Mineral resource in Kalamaili region is very rich and local people do want to ake off poverty. But, it is an ecological-sensitive areas with fragile environment d habitats which bears enormous environmental pressure. With the nplementation of ecological protection and resource exploitation step-by-step, alamaili is immersed in a tight spot. For one thing, Kalamaili stutters on an ormous variety of protections. For another, people built roads and industrial arks to promote resource exploitation. However, a series of practices identify the isembedded character. These practices with an aim to protect the environment id to improve development neglect natural environment around and reject the cal livelihood.We found that disembedded protections and developments disrupted the alance between natural environment and local livelihood. As a result, it caused e competition between domestic animals and wild animals. The condition of grassland is getting better in part but worse in a whole. Some resources are transported to other places but local people get no benefit and has to face ecological threaten. In the process of protection and resources development, the resource property is extracted from nature to protect and utilize. The traditional livelihood style is sifted out. All things weaken local feature in Kalamaili, then a disembedded situation among ecological protection, resource exploitation and pastoral development occurs.Now, the Kazak herdsmen have been forced on a disembedded development path. They are faced with the damaging environment and losing their traditional livelihoods and culture. However, it seems that promoting an embedded development is the only way to perfectly combine ecological protection, resource exploitation and pastoral development.