American Tenure And Its Enlightenment To The Reform Of Teacher 's Personnel System In Chinese Universities

In today’s world, knowledge and technology have a rapidly development, and new knowledge and new technology have become the most competitive tool in the global economic market. As the mainstay of optimizing of knowledge creation, spreading and operating, university teachers play a very important role in the whole higher education system. Popularization, marketization and specialization of higher education changed the relationship between government and university and led to the revolution of the university concept and the governance structure. At the same time, Problems teachers in colleges and universities are faced with are also increasingly sharp, including working environment, salary, social status and so on, so the construction of teacher team in higher institutions is imminent.The primary problem of the construction of the team is how to select and motivate teachers, guarantee the quality of the team and establish a reasonable and effective personnel system in higher institutions.In many flexible personnel policies, the tenure system in America has caused close attention. Because the tenure system closely relates to the college teachers’ status and vital interests, which guarantees the occupational safety and the academic freedom university teachers most value.The tenure system is not only a realistic problem, but also an important issue that cannot be ignored in higher education research.The introduction part introduces the reasons, theories and practical research significance of this study issue, the research situation about American tenure system at home and abroad, definition of related concepts, research purposes, thoughts and methods. That lays the foundation for this study.The first part of the body mainly talks about the development history of the tenure system from the early Ordination age, Employees age to the professional age. It mainly interprets the value of its existence from guaranteeing academic freedom and providing professional securityThrough the case study at the University of Manchester, the second part, which focus on the specific content of tenure after employment evaluation system, discusses promotion process and its related content of the tenure system, and summarizes its development characteristics, and analyses the difficulties, problems and development trend of the tenure system. The third part mainly analyzes the specific environment of the existence of the tenure system from four aspects of the social culture system, policies and regulations, market economy and the school internal condition, and explores the underlying causes of the successful development of tenure system in the United States.The last part of the paper reviews the development and reform practice of personnel system in colleges and universities under the planned economy system in our country, and summarizes the basic characteristics of its development. Taking the personnel reform practice of Beijing University as an example, it concretely introduces development characteristics and influence of the personnel system of teachers in colleges and universities in social transformation, and analyses internal and external factors in the development of university teachers’personnel system reform of our country. Finally, based on the comparative study on the characteristics and reform practice of tenure system in the United States, we can come to the conclusion that tenure system of the United States, as a concrete system arrangement, is closely related to the national policy system and economic environment, and it is closely related to the type of the university and the properties of scientific research task at the same time, and tenure system reform is the adaption to the popularization, marketization and diversity of higher education. China should learn and apply the experience of the tenure system of the United Stated according to the actual situation. To solve the problems existing in the current personnel system of university teachers, we must adhere to the cooperation of government, market, and the school. Only by making the best use of these three forces together, can we truly solve the existing problems in the teachers’ employment system in our country, and realize the better the development of the cause of higher education in our country.