| Since the nineties of the last century, with the deepening social change of China’s cities, there was a poverty groups which including laid-off, unemployed and low income population in most cities, academia call it new urban poverty. The emergence of these poor concentration areas which not only affects the quality of life of the population live, but also become a potential threat to the city’s harmony and sound development. It caused extensive concern in the different disciplines since it appearance. However, there were a few researches about new urban poverty in western urban. Xi’an is the largest city in the Northwest region, in2013its population reached858.81million, with the rapid development of city urban poverty problem will be highlighted. Studied the evolution of the distribution of poverty not only contribute to a more scientific and reasonable construction of an international metropolis, but also for other cities, especially the cites in the western region. In this paper, the pattern of population and poverty coupled from the perspective of the poor geographical pattern of regularity and causes of Xi’an research. Firstly, the pattern of population change in the characteristics of time series, secondly, by the properties of the different populations and poor distribution overlay analysis, final, use the grey system method analysis and calculation the grey correlation degree and coupling degree between population system and poverty levels. The main conclusions are as follows:1The change of population pattern:Large population areas move to the south and west of suburbs and the east of outer suburbs from inner city and mine urban areas. High population density area moves from the inner city and mine urban to suburbs in1990, to spread along the freeway line and mainly concentrated in the south of suburbs in2000. Population density of inner city continue decline in2010.Gender structure:the high sex ratio area concentrated in the main urban and suburbs in1990, focused on the southeast and north of suburb in2000. In2010the high sex ratio area distribution along the freeway.Population age structure:The high proportion area of working-age population moves to the urban periphery. In2000, mainly in the main urban and suburb, from the faubourgs to concentrate in the freeway around2010, outer suburbs have some streets such as Dizhai sub-district and Caotan sub-district. The proportion of aging population is mainly distributed in inner city.Education structure:the education level of sub-district generally rises. The sub-districts which proportion of higher education under10%number from36dropped to17between1990and2000, only two sub-districts left in2010. The sub-districts which proportion of higher education over30%from5increased to8between1990and2000, and become24in2010.2The coupling correlation degree analysis:The coupling correlation factors of population in poverty levels overall is relatively high. In terms of time, the highest Coupling correlation degree in1990is sex ratio and the population under the age of14, the lowest is higher education population proportion and college culture population. In2000, the highest coupling correlation degree is working-age population ratio and sex ratio, ranked in the last is the population with high school certificate and college degree. In2010, the highest coupling correlation degree is population with middle school education and sex ratio, the lowest population with college degree or above and proportion of higher education. About age structure, the coupling correlation degree of elderly population was less than the children’s population in1990,2000, on the other hand. In2010, the coupling correlation degree between them is very close; this suggests that the influence of the aging population become gradually. Coupling correlation degree of poverty population is not big change, showing that the distribution of poverty is relatively common. On the whole, correlation between higher cultural level of the population and poverty is always low, this also shows that education play an important role in eliminate poverty. From gender structure, age structure and cultural structure of the coupling correlation degree, the occurrence of new urban poverty are profound system reasons, and the characteristics of the transformation, it just will be a greater influence on low degree of education of the individual.Poverty levels in the population factor, the influence of poverty gap and poverty line is less than the poverty population and the poverty rate in1990, illustrate the city during the period the wealth gap is not big. In2000highest coupling correlation degree was poverty line index, the second is the poverty rate, last is poverty gap. And the impact of poverty line index enhanced compared with1990. Poor population and poverty rate is the first two of coupling correlation degree in2010. Demonstrated that the gap between rich and poor is growing, the number of poor people increased, but the difference between the poor is not big.3Coupling analyses:Coupling analysis can be seen from1990that the high coupling region distribution is discontinuous, are mainly distributed in the northern suburbs and eastern outlying suburbs. In2000most high coupling area is located in the suburb of west and east. The decrease in the number of high coupling streets in2010, mainly distributed in the eastern suburbs. It can be seen that the high coupling region are mainly distributed in the edge of the city.Predictions for the coupling analysis shows that with the continuous development of social economy, the number of street which with high coupling degree decreased, and most of the running coupling from the shift to coordinate coupling. That if more reasonable distribution of social resources will reduce the incidence of poverty. But of high coupling regions should pay great attention to, because with the expansion of the city, these areas are likely to form new poverty zones. |
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