Excess Of Moral Education

This article starts from ancient philosophy of Chuang Tzu"Morality Swings",Confucianism"More is not even better than Less", Aristotle"Excess is bad",which pay attention to excessive morality. My view turns from moral behavior into moral internalization,so the article concentrate on moral education.By observing the excessive phenomena in moral education nowadays,we bring forth the concept of excessive moral education.By thinking of these phenomena ,we try to classify them systematically.And besides above, we will analyze the reasons and harms to each category, and come up with suggestion which can be practised easily by teachers.The article includes five parts:Part 1 reviews the different understandings of the philosophers about the excessive morality, and presents briefly the reasons for this research.According to the aims of the article I will give a literature review of the researches undertaken in this field by modern educators,which lay a groundwork for the following statement.Part 2 gives the definition of excessive moral education, that is to educate the morality that can not be internalized or well-behaved by the students.And I try to figure out what is the essence and characters of this definition.In this part what should be given is the foundation for the classificaion.I will classify the excessive moral education into 3 categories according to the connection between the development of the individual's morality and the aims of moral education.There are exorbitant ,redundant and formalism moral education.Part 3,4,5 seperately discuss the reasons ,the harms and the solutions for the three different moral education.What causes exorbitant education is that ignoring the ability of acception of the individual , the teachers lacking confidence, the moral education achieving quick success and getting instant benefits.It will induce false impression of morality growth and ignoring basic ethics.Taking an example of Morality and Society edited by Gao Xia, I choose Chapter 4 ,the theme is"Justice and Peace", giving the instructions by 3 steps: confirming which moral stage the student is,choosing the different content according to different stages and telling the moral ideals.What causes redundant moral education is the imbalance of the structure of morality,ignoring the transcendence of the individual ,the reverse of culture transmission and the anxiety of culture conflict.It will induce the imbalance of all the elements of morality and the students'anti-morality.Taking the gratitude education as an example,we judge by the formation of spontaneity and stability and the stop between teaching and learning,and the effective solution to avoid the redundant moral education is enhancing the content and form step by step.What causes formalism moral education is the contradiction among all kinds of needs.The contradiction between school and society will induce the formalism of school,the contradiction between students and teachers will induce formalism of teachers, and the contradiction between students and school will induce students'formalism. Formalism moral education will tremendously waste manpower ,material resources and educational resources,meanwhile,it will induce hypocritical morality. To avoid formalism moral education mainly depends on the power of emotion.Teachers need to care about students, students need to internalize the morality by emotion,schools and society need to abandon rigid educational system and urgent evaluation system,using humanism to help moral education.