Yishu Basin Shang And Zhou Bronzes

Yishu River is the source place of primeval people in Shandong province. From the Paleolithic age, its unique Dongyi culture formed gradually. However, few records of it can be found in documents. The records of Dongyi in Shih Chi (Historical Records) are some wars that happened on it, and it could be found in the Spring and Autumn Annals and Tso Chuan (a commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals), but they were mentioned occasionally just when related to affairs of Lu states. The similar records can also be found in Dongyi Biographies of the History of Latter Han that several wars happened between Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasty and Dongyi. The area of Yishu River is in the hinterland of Dongyi, therefore, wars seldom involved here, and it also seldom be mentioned. Under this situation, it's very important to rebuild the Shang and Zhou civilization of the area of Yishu River by bronzes excavated from here, it also can enriches the study of ancient Chinese history. Depend on the unremitting efforts of antiquarians of countries and cities in the area of Yishu River, we can find out the splendid civilization in the area through a large number of bronzes collected and excavated during the 60 years from the found of China.The title of this thesis is the study of the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou Dynasty in the area of Yishu River. First of all, to analyze some important bronzes in typological method which based on primary arranging and collecting materials of bronzes excavated in the area of Yishu River. Then to periodize and cohort analysis that in order to build the development sequence of different types of various bronzes in the area, and discuss the owner and nation of the graves and bronzes which found there. At last, it discusses some problems about the bronzes. The thesis can be divided into five parts:The first part is introduction. It introduces the geographical and historical conditions, and to definite the range of time and space. It also gives a brief summary of excavation situation, the current study, the study method of the thesis.The second part is typological analyzing. To analyze the bronze vessels, instruments, weapons which collected in the area of Yishu River in typological method, in order to learn the development law of them.The third part is periodization of bronzes. Through typological analyaing, the bronzes in the area can be divided into Latter Shang Period, Western Zhou Period, Early Spring and Autumn Period, Middle Spring and Autumn Period, and Latter Spring and Autumn Period. It analyzes the type development of each type of bronzes, also analyzes the patterns, inscriptions, and compound mode of bronzes. Indeed, it speculates the period of the main graves where the bronzes excavated basing on the study of prior scholars.The forth part is the study of inscriptions and states of the graves where the bronzes excavated. First, through analyzing the states of inscriptions of Shang Period of Dongan in Yiyuan, Xin Jiazhuang in Yishui, Wa Zidi in Pingyi, Shai Micheng and Dong Gaoyao in Cangshan, it comes to the conclusion that people in Shang Dynasty are the owners of the Shang Dynasty's bronzes in this area. Then it raises different ideas that the owners of controversial graves in Xi Dazhuang of Ju Country, Dong Hebei of Yishui are non-Dongyi people who inflect by Dongyi culture. The owners of Gu Ziping of Yiyuan are Dongyi people inflect by Zhou culture, and the owners of graves of Zhong Qiagou of Linyi are Ju people. Basing on above part, it's aim to find out the dividing part of the central plain area civilization in Shang and Zhou Dynasty and Dongyi culture in the area of Yishui River.The fifth part is the discussion of some relative problems. The thesis discusses why the bronze civilization in the area of Yishui River is discontinuous change between Yueshi Period and Early and Middle Western Zhou Period. Many scholars think that people in Shang Dynasty never set feet in the rural places of middle part of Shandong province, but the excavated bronze spears, bronze cymbals, and some bowed objects show that people in Shang Dynasty had their own military strongpoint. In the thesis, it is to be discussed. The attendant system of Ju culture which uses tripods of the same type, size, and pattern, is different from the culture of central plain area and surrounding areas. The thesis makes a trial analyzing of the distinctive system.