Clerks Of The System, The Historical Perspective And Assessment,

The academic has give some attention to the study of the petty officials system in recent years.There is a series of articles and works published one after another. However,compared to the historic study of the general burean system,civial examination system and official system,left the study of petty officials in a state of neglect.There are a few of works and books concerning the question of petty officials though the role which plays in the Chinese tradition society is not symmetric with the petty official. Scanning the present academic achievement, we will find most of existing academic achievement carry on the research of division of history into periods to petty officials management system.It is hardly to become aware of petty officials in Chinese antiquity. The artucle uses the Marxist historical materialism as study basis points. And at the same time, adopts the theorids and methods of law,history,politics to the petty official management system as a systematic general combing, which putting the petty official the ages of the various systems to study as a whole.Kamming this ancient, the petty officials just like today's civil servants. Although they are in the different kinds of social power environment, but the content of their responsibilities, the two are comparable in some respects. The petty officials system of ancient Chinese is extensive and profound. Though the author attempts to study the petty officials system through the findings of its outstanding and reasonable composition.Then to scientific summary in order to make some recommendations for today's civil service personnel system. However, the meaming of ancient Chinese petty officials system is very profound, and more extensive outreach, in view of time and capacity constraints, this article only focused on the manufacturing the petty officials with prominent characteristic in the following four aspects.Section I is the rheological development of the petty officials. Based on the history of the development process characteristics, the petty officials history will be divided into four stages. By detailed combing the various stages of petty officials, with the objective to draw the evolution of the feudal bureaucratic system, officials with the petty officials gradually separately.The petty officials differentiation of the political class as a separate conclusions. Then the author analysises the political existence and expansion of the historical reasons deeptly.Section II is the selection and appointment of petty officials. The article describes two aspects of the selection system which are selection methods and selection criteria.In the paper the author study the petty officials from three aspects of the appointment system of interpretation.That is, to move up the petty officials system, as well as official term of office of the Occupational system. The author thinks that the history of the petty officials selection system is constantly reform and innovation, and will be a fair competition mechanism for the introduction of examination process.It is progressive.Section III is the grade and salary system of petty officials. In this paper, the author uses historical datas, describing in detail the history of the petty officials grade and salary system with specific provisions. In reviewing the course of history, the author thinks that grade system caused an irrational political the petty officials low social status, officials pay the petty officials little caused harsh political and social mentality twisted. These were the birth of the political chaos of the petty officials illegal acts to some extent .Section 4 is the supervision of petty officials.By the pooling of information collation, the author sums up four approaches of against the institutionalization of supervision the petty officials precautionary. That is, legal supervision, administrative supervision, the monitoring body to monitor,private secretary of supervision.And simultaneously the author listes the petty officials control of three new initiatives in the Qing Dynasty.Lastly,the author analysiser the supervision of the above-mentioned measures objectively.