| The period of Ming and Qing Dynasty --In later period of China's feudal society, because the feudal autocratic regime system is rigid, the bureaucrat's own drawback is more and more serious, it is one of them that the petty officials Xuli arrogates all powers to themselves. And the period, the boundary of officer and petty official li are more and more obvious, the official's meaning is narrower and narrower, they are primarily meant the staff member that handled the administration of different and concrete government affairs in the national organization, not meaning the officers before. The petty officials li's status, appraisals are lower and lower, the officer and official are close to two ways, but their importance did not reduce instead of increasing, this would certainly evoke their antagonistic psychology , even was signed , because of being promoted hopelessly and scarcely, they sought private interest though their post, ruined the administration of local officials. The problem of petty officials Xuli endangered politics always been paid close attention to by ruler. During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the endanger degree deepened and have been a serious problem of threaten the rule order, peoples paid more close attention to it. Various kinds of Prevention and administration' thought activated, and the books that warned and admonished the officials how to administer also unprecedented to increase. The proposition of Chen Hongmou' petty officials administrative thought is put forward, just according to the change in era and Bureaucrat system appears new characteristics. Chen Hongmou(1696—1771) was one famous diligent minister of the Hans in ex- middle of Qing Dynasty. He was signed an importance position by the supreme rulers. As an Civil official 48-year, serve as an importance officer in the state 35-year, having stable political situation and certain society influence. In leisure time, he compiles a series of officers and admonishes the book, theirs content is so complete, that became feudal morals, woman standard, social criterion, the standards studying for officer and conducting oneself in society , scholar's training etc in later age. "The method of serving as an officer" and "For official advices" were the most Influence among "Five kinds of rules", it was the books that students must read, which admired and studied the rules of being officer. And he summarized these thought and measures' positive factors to consider and solve the problem of petty officials Xuli arrogated all powers. He was an outstanding politician with sharp observation dint! (Tian Wenjing had discussed the problem of petty officials Xuli arrogated all powers, but he put it in "Canton and County Affairs Enacted by Imperial Order" in order to provide county magistrates as "administration Manual" for the first time, cannot compare with the book of "For official advices" that acted specially for the petty officials Xuli written by Chen Hongmou.)Chen Hongmou was a successful officer, that the posterity pay much attention to his officials administrative thought. In 1946 and 1996, Chen Hongmou' 250, 300 anniversaries on birthday Memento meetings were held by two different governments. After the two meetings, the collection of theses on Chen Hongmou were published. And there are some theses in this respect since 1980. But these theses' common characteristics were focused on the rules of being officer and the administration of subordinate officers,paid little attention to the petty officials Xuli which were not importance but indispensable in the Civil Service, even not distinguished to categorized them in subordinate officers. This is not scientific. So far, there are no theses and books that study independently on Chen Hongmou' petty officials Xuli thought out of his officials administrative thought yet.This thesis in extensively reading concerning the books of petty officials Xuli' discussing, China's ancient administration , the Civil Service of Qing Dynasty, political system and modern administration...
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