Takenori, Zhenguan Period Of Public Opinion Research, And Official

The Tang Dynasty was the most open in our ancient society. Compare to other dynasties, people owned more freedom of speech, which would facilitate the emergence and development of the public opinions. At the same time, the public opinion can affect the development of the society. Indeed, the social role of the public opinion should not be overlooked. However, according to the current research situation, there were some related research, but we had not yet to see any woks about the public opinions and the official management of the Tang Dynasty. In view of this, this paper was guided by the historical materialism and learned from the knowledge of the public opinions. It tried to make a comprehensive and systematic research of WuDe(618～626) and ZhenGuan(627~649) period, which made people understand the social situation in the early Tang Dynasty through the basic condition of the public opinion's development.This paper was divided into five chapters.The first chapter was preface. It included three aspects. First, it introduced the current situation and its limitations of the consensus in WuDe(618～626) and ZhenGuan(627~649) period. Second, it explained the purpose of this study and significance. Last, it presented the basic structure and method of study.The second chapter introduced the public opinion's overview and origin. It was divided into two parts. The first part introduced the concept of the consensus, analyzing the character and function of the public opinions in detail. And then it summarized the public opinions before the Tang Dynasty, especially examining the outline of public opinions in the Tang Dynasty.The third chapter described the reasons. First of all, according to the historical materials, it gave proof about the causes, which discussed from four respects such as politics atmosphere, the emperors' attitude, the official's operation and people's attention. So it has considered these four respects were the main causes that the public opinion produced and was used broadly. Then, it has mainly analyzed the relationship between the public opinions and other elements, which concerned the officials' choosing, examination, rewards and punishment and supervision. As a result, this five points made the public opinions were all exert vividly.The fourth chapter discussed the relationship between the consensus and the official management. This chapter was the focus of this article, including three aspects. Firstly, from the favorable public opinions, it summarized the favorable public opinions dominated in the early Tang dynasty, deducing that the whole social condition would be ideal in the early Tang dynasty. Secondly, it elaborated the relationship between the criticism public opinions and the official management, concluding some politics matters from three aspects such as default proceeding, lack of virtue and disobeying decorum. Finally, it analyzed the four cases about the public opinions combined with the favorable and the criticism.The fifth chapter described the impact of the consensus and the official management. On the one hand, on the basis of the examples, it has mainly made a whole outline from the analysis and valuation of the public opinions' situation, on the other hand, it discussed that the public opinions exerted influence on the officials' management from the social appearance at that time, the warning and its limitation.