Modern Chinese Momentum Words

One character of Sino-Tibetan languages is that they have measure words. Action-measure words are a part of the system of measure words. So it is necessary to make action-measure words a separate category and analyze them. This essay is divided into four chapters except preface and conclusion.Preface: from the study on the action-measure words'static state, the verb-measure word combination, we recall the achievements of grammatical scholars'study on action-measure words of modern Chinese. We also get the definition of action-measure words of modern Chinese: the unit words which combine with the numerals to measure the measure of the verbs which have measures.Chapter one: the definition and the classification of action-measure words. In this chapter we discuss the defining standards of the action-measuring words, and also analyze the definition of action-measure words in some special formations. The action-measure words are divided into three categories: special action-measure words, which are used specially to express the unit of actions; borrowed action measure words, which use other words to express the unit of actions; time action measure words, which mainly measure the time length of the verbs having measures.Chapter two: the semantic features of action-measure words. Actions always have something with frequency and time, so action-measure words have two semantic features: [+record time] and [+record thing]. By the analysis of the language facts, we get the gradually changing order of these two semantic features. In this chapter, we analyze the semantic features of each special action-measure words,some typical borrowed action-measure words and time action measure words.Chapter three: borrowed action measure words. Borrowed action measure words are borrowed from other categories of words, and temporarily used as action measure words. In this chapter we analyze four kinds of borrowed action measure words: organ borrowed action measure words, tool borrowed action measure words, accompanying borrowed action measure words and same-form borrowed action measure words. We introduce their borrowing mechanism and condition from the aspects of nouns, verbs and LIHECI(离合词). Borrowing nouns as action measure words can be right only in the pattern of"v+numeral+n"; borrowing verbs as action measure words can be legal mainly in the pattern of"v+number+v"; LIHECI(离合词) depends on"separate"to achieve measuring action.Chapter four: the types and the function in sentence of action-measure phrases. Action measure words can't be used alone, so we must study on action measure phrases if we want to analyze the grammatical function of action-measure words. Action measure phrases can be divides into numeral phrases and demonstrative measure phrases, which are able to be subject,object,complement,adverbial,attribute,etc..Conclusion: concluding the main viewpoints of the whole essay, and on this basis we propose the problems for further study.