Old Characters Into The New World

Since 1911, go with the dynastic succession, some traditional scholars chose to be the Qing adherents and lived in the Shanghai Settlement. Under the political pressure they had to take the Shanghai Settlement as their only living space. During the early part of the Republic of China, Qing adherents brought their conservative views and organized different association to establish their social identity. They make a living by traditional methods and some of them even refused the position in the Northern Warlord government or in the Institute of the Qing Dynasty History. Until 1917 they still keep restoring the dethroned monarch by lobbying the warlords but failed at the end.