Prior Knowledge Of The "cultural Revolution" Youth Went To The Countryside Sports Development Process Research

The movement of educated youth to go and work in the countryside or mountain areas was a widely and deeply influenced social activity that leaded by the government after the foundation of PRC of which it had become one of the most important events in its history. This paper mainly relies on the historical material such as archive files, newspapers, magazines and statistic yearbooks, it also applies the studying methods of sociology and economics. The major task of the paper is analyzing the process of government's plan and implementation of the movement, in other words, how the government publicize, mobilize, organize, arrange for and consolidate the movement from 1953 to 1966.From the planner's subjective wishes, the goal of the Movement before the Cultural Revolution was to resolve the problem of cities' surplus-labor as well as to improve the countryside's poor conditions and to develop border areas and remote mountain areas, from which it can find a employment-settling way that fitted Chinese situation, so it was the economic factor that acted as the prominent reason of the Movement.In the eary 1950s,the Movement started in the calling of the graduates of the secondary and primary schools to go to the countryside to work.However,this activity was not sufficient to ease the cities' education and employment pressure and the mobilization was extended to the urban educated youth-the CYL central committee initiated and organized the reclamation activities participated mainly by the memebers of the CYL in 1955;and in 1956,the central government attempted to mobilize the urban educated youth to go to the countryside to take part in the agricultural production.The appearance of the "Great Leap Forward" broke the Movement that started not so long.Later,the nation largely steamlined the workers and population of citise,adjustded the national economy,the Movement was again put on the agenda.In addition to the mobilization of the country youth to go back to work,the govement adopted a series of important messures to begin the nation wide Movement which included the setting of the leading agecy,the drawing up of the schemes,the issuing of the guiding files and the offering of obvious resolutions toward the specific problems in the arrangement.As a whole, the Movement proceeded well and formed a set of perfect mechanism because of well planning, appropriate policy and steady implementation in city and countryside. According to statistics, there were about ten millions of urban and country youth go and work in the countryside or mountain areas from 1953 to 1966, it played a active part on the relief of the employment pressure of cities and the strength of the agricultural front. In addition, educated youth also spread knowledge, popularized manufacturing techniques and changed the social climate of countryside.