Tang The Mid-imperial Academy School System

The presentation which includes six chapters focuses on hanlin secretary bureau system in Mid-Tang Dynasty.Since Mid-Tang Dynasty, the central decision-making power under the leadership of emperor, entitled to prime minister's administration as a vital-order-drafting& examining-approving system converted into a distribution of the hanlin secretaries, the clandestine order envoy and the system itself.As the flourishing age of the Tang period came to its end with the out-breaking of An-Shi rebellions,its central power was concentrated, which was a trend in response to the disturbant situation.By then, the hanlin secretary had been separated from the officials who served the emperor in inner palace with art, skills and diction styles step by step subsequently and was selected from central government officials, taking up drafting order documents, joining in decision-making as an official group. This kind of officials were selected from central government officials and constantly took the office as hanlin secretary in the inner-palace, switched their posts and some of them were even promoted to the prime minister. As a result, the hanlin secretary system became a way to select officials, and also methods employed by the emperor of selecting officials and controlling prime minister's power. With the function of the system, average land-lords, to a larger extent, were involved in state administration as hanlin secretaries, and meanwhile, the former official-herited land-lords on decline since Tang Dynasty also utilized the enrollment through official-entrance exams, And some of them took up the post of hanlin secretary improved their family status on the wane or maintained their relatively high status.The second chapter of the thesis discussed the origin of the system and its scenarios. The founding of the hanlin secretary and hanlin secretary bureau is the milestone of the establishment of hanlin secretary bureau system after a step-by-step process. The third and the fourth chapter mainly concern about the development and complement of the system. The enrollment, function, salary and relative regulations concerned of the system were set up and new posts were also derived from it. Secondly, the third mainly discussed the association between order-drafting as an assignment, the chief hanlin secretary ,and the central order-drafting official, the establishment of hanlin envoy, the promotion from the hanlin secretary to the prime minister, and the important effect of hanlin secretary's participation in political activities. Hanlin secretary practiced their administrative abilities and some of them were promoted to prime ministers . And this process is a practice of post-switching and promoting different from the government in outer-palace. Therefore, the fifth chapter of the thesis is a study of the enrollment of post-conversion, and dismissal of the hanlin secretaries. Consequently, the hanlin secretaries who had been low or mid-ranked officials, enrolled through official–entrance exams became middle or advanced ones of different departments of the government. Finally, official–entrance system offered the source of hanlin secretaries and was also important way of revival of quite a few former official- herited land lord families on wane.Hanlin secretary bureau system in mid-Tang period was established in the Tang period and after that, changed and developed. The last chapter of the thesis discusses the status and effect of the system and its profound influence. And it became part of the combination of the official–entrance and official-enrollment system and advanced official training system at supreme level in late period of Chinese feudal society.