Modern Chinese Complement "out" Study

This is a dissertation of resulative verb complement"掉"in mordern Chinese.We mainly discuss the meaning of"掉",the semantic and grammatical peculiarities of"V掉",the situation types that"掉"constitute. It is divided into five parts:In the first part, we classify"掉"as two types according to their different indication target:we label the one which indicates object as"掉₁", the one which indicates action and state as"掉₂".Then we further divide"掉₁"into two minor sorts according to change of object:"displacement"and"disppearance", and divide"掉₂"into two minor sorts:"action completed"and"state realized".The second part analyzes the grammatical peculiarities of"掉".After comparison, we think"掉₂"is more grammaticalized than"掉₁"; In terms of functioning as complement when compared with other verbs or adjectives,"掉"has stronger cohesiveness with predicates and more abstract meaningly. Furtherly, we distinguish between the typical aspect markers and"掉₁","掉₂". So in conclusion,"掉₁","掉2"are different from substantive and aspect markers grammatically.The third part discusses the predicate selection restriction of"掉₁","掉₂"."掉₁"has a tendency to choose transitive,volitional verbs which inplicate semantic features of [+cause to displace] or [+cause to disppear]."掉₂", especially"掉₂b"has a tendency to choose non-volitonal verbs/adjectives, which makes it used to express passive mood of speakers.In the fourth part, we points out the causative/noncausative relationship between"V+NP"and"掉₁","掉₂". Then we classify the semantic roles of"NP₁","NP₂"according to the frame"NP₁+V/A+掉(+NP₂)", and outline the semantic and grammatical structures of"V掉₁","V掉₂". Finally we analyze the semantic characterristics of relative NP. The fifth part discusses the situation types that"掉"constitute. As one of the sentence parts,"掉"plays a role in affirming the end point of situations. Combined with [+durative]verb,"掉"usually constitutes"achievements". But"[+durative]verb+掉", together with adverbials like"gradually","slowly"etc.or"zhengzai/zai", constitute"accomplishments"; And combined with [-durative]verb,"掉"also constitutes"achievements". But when the subject is in the plural, the sentence expresses"accomplishments".