"zhuangzi" Metaphor, Turn The Metaphor Coinage Of Cognitive Analysis

in traditional linguistics, metaphor and metonymy were regarded as rhetorical devices. The recent studies of cognitive linguistics and psychology show that metaphor and metonymy are the powerful tools of understanding and expressing abstract concepts; they not only belong to language but also belong to cognition. Metaphor and metonymy based on the resemblance and relevance of conceptual structure are the projections from one to another cognitive category and the processes of understanding and expressing another thing.Metaphor and metonymy reflect the thinking characteristics of ZhuangZi. The thought processes of metaphor and metonymy are concentrated in words, as a result, the metaphorical and metonymical words are formed. This kind of words show then distinguishing features in new words created by ZhuangZi and they reflect ZhuangZi's cognitive thoughts closely. We regard these as objects which we study aiming to analyze the characteristics of word coinage and cognition from an angle and draw some conclusions about cognitive laws in our eyes.This article consists of 5 chapters which includes introduction, main body and conclusions.Chapter1 .Introductionfirstly, we explain the definitions of metaphor and metonymy from cognitive linguistics. Secondly, we clarify the reasons and purposes of analyzing metaphorical and metonymical word coinage in ZhuangZi. Finally, we expound the brief conditions of ZhuangZi and show the resources and methods we make use of in this article.Chapter2.The analysis of cognitive devices employed in the processes oi metaphorical and metonymical word coinage.Metaphorical and metonymical word coinage are cognitive processes of association and comparison. In the light of the different determined objectives in source domain, image cognition and intention cognition are showed in the processes. According to the whole cognitive model built, it also reflects the use of systematic cognition. image cognition and intention cognition are on one level, and systematic cognition is on the other level. They arc-showed in a word at the same time. In this chapter we will analyze the cognitive devices employed in the processes of metaphorical and metonymical word coinage.Chapter3. The main types of metaphor and metonymy.This chapter consists of 4 oarts:3.1 Radical metaphor and metonymy; derivative metaphor and metonymyThis is seeing from the angle of cognitive function. Radical metaphor and radical metonymy play the roles of central concepts in the metaphorical and metonymical systems. Derivative metaphoi and derivative metonymy are formed on the basis of radical metaphor and radicd metonymy, which are lively, material and varied expressions. Metaphorical and metonymical words are the forms included other different forms which display metaphor and metonymy, besides, they are the concentrations of derivative metaphor and metonymy in words. In this part, we will classify the radical metaphor and radical metonymy as the foundations of metaphorical and metonymical words created by ZhuangZi as well as derivative metaphor and metonymy concentrated in words.3.2Conventional metaphor and metonymy; creative metaphor and metonymyThis is in accordance with the resemblance and relevance and the characteristics showed in the course of persons' understanding these words. First, we analyze the forms of conventional metaphor and conventional metonymy from three aspects: easiness to find the way of association; projection of ground examples; effect of contexts on the prominence and determination of sense. Then, we interpret the reasons of the creation from metaphorical and metonymical word coinage from four sides: reflection of instinctive thoughts; projection of untypical features; joint senses with broken forms; semantic span.3.3Verb metaphor and metonymy; noun metaphor and metonymy; adjective metaphor and metonymyThis classification is on the basis of the positions, effects and characteristics of metaphorical and metonymical words in a sentence. We reveal their respective semantic classification, word formation, syntactic function and word coinage, in the meantime, we draw conclusions: First, verbs created by metaphor and metonymy are the most compared with nouns and adjectives. The total of new metaphorical verbs is more than metonymical ones. We can see noun images in metaphorical and metonymical verbs. Second, the total of new metonymical nouns is more than metaphorical ones. To most metonymical nouns, source domain and target domain are joined. The meanings of metaphorical nouns are abstract. Last, most metaphorical and metonymical adjectivesshow their descriptive functions. The total of state-adjectives is more than attribute-adjectives.3.4Original metaphor and metonymy; active metaphor and metonymy; re-creative metaphor and metonymyThis classification is according to the different developments of metaphorical and metonymical words in later ages. Original metaphor and metonymy are only used in ZhuangZi. There are probably two reasons for that: ZhuangZi often think of the world in unique ways. On the other hand, the language of ZhuangZi points to its own text. Active metaphor and metonymy are continuous to be used in later periods. This is owing to the fact that the used metaphorical and metonymical thoughts still lead us to understand the meanings in new conditions from unique angles. Furthermore, some metaphorical and metonymical words are created with conventional thoughts. Re-creative metaphor and metonymy are that some words are not metaphorical and metonymical words strictly but generally become true metaphorical and metonymical words through being continuously used from then on. The explanation for this involves two factors: For one thing, the fable style of ZhuangZi gives some words re-creative potentialities; their specific meanings become the source of metaphorical and metonymical thoughts used by later generations. For another thing, the latent moral in the words becomes the target meanings which people want to express.Chapter4. The analysis of metaphorical and metonymical word coinage in ZhuangZi from the angle of category.Category is the classification of things according to people's cognition, besides, it refers that people give the world a structure. We include these metaphorical and metonymical words in basic level category, superordinate category and subordinate category aiming to build a cognitive semantic frame to let us understand the cognitive feature showed in ZhuangZi' word coinage more clearly.Chapter5. ConclusionsWe will briefly sum up the contents of this article, then deduce the basic conclusion.