Chinese English Verb Structure Comparative Study

The Comparative method is one of the most important methods of Linguistics and it is also one of the ways we solve many problems around us. The main content of this thesis is to analyze the differences of VO structure between Chinese and English by using the comparative method in order to further observe the features of Chinese .As we all know the feature of Chinese is absent of morphological process .Word order and empty words are the ways to make sentences, but it is only a general explanation ,It can't substitute the specific observation and analysis.In my thesis , I collect many language materials from the Camel Xiang zi the famous writer Lao She's representative work analyze the VO. structure in Chinese in detail according to the comparison between the Chinese and English version .The main points are as follows:1. The basic condition of the structure in Chinese is the semantic classification This part is to classify the VO structure in Chinese .1 classify it according to semantic criterion .Sometimes I follow grammar criterion. The specific operation criterion of classification is A dictionary of the use of Chinese verb which was compiled by Meng Cong, In which the VO structure are classified into 14, Such as accusative case., subject case, time, place, instrument ,equal , cognate , way, cause ,aim, result .target and so on.2 The VO structure in Chinese and its corresponding translation in English are different in grammar .1 found not all Chinese sentences with VO structure are translated into VO structure in English in my survey .There are many reasons which form this condition, This part is mainly explained from the aspect of grammar structure, except the VO structure in English version, there are many other grammar forms to show the VO structure as is in Chinese.3 The semantic change between the VO structure in Chinese and its corresponding translation in English . After the Chinese sentences are translated into English, though the meaning of the whole sentence may be retained, semantic relation between the components of the simple sentences may change. 1 compared many materials, and found that no matter which semantic type the VO structure in Chinese may be, the semantic type of the object of their corresponding translation sentences have changed,4 Re-known of the VO structure in Chinese and English, This part is based on the former discussion to observe Chinese and English from another aspect .As we can see that though the two kinds of languages respectively belong to Sino-Tibetan language family and Indo-European language family, They have the interlinked features no matter in grammar aspect or semantic aspect.5 conclusion of the thesis.6 Appendix 1. This part is a practical survey .The targets of this survey are some foreigners learning Chinese in China, The main content of this survey is the comprehension of the VO structure in Chinese. The method is doing by questionaire. We are hoping to see the differences between foreign students whose mother tongue are English and not English. In addition ,We also hope to see that if the time length has any effect on their understanding the Chinese VO structure ,or how much effect it will have .Appendix 2. The classification of VO structure in Urdu language. Urdu language and Russian language both are belong to the same category of Aryan language. But speaking of VO structure, Urdu language is more like English rather than Russian language.The thesis will be divided altogether into six parts. Preface. The first chapter: the basic condition of the Chinese VO structure; The second chapter: The grammar differences between the materials of English and Chinese ;Chapter three: The semantic differences between Chinese and English VO structure; Chapter four :The common points of English and Chinese VO structure ; Chapter five .conclusion and Appendix.