Zhang Er Qi Thought

Zhang er-qi was a thingker between the period of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This thesis attempted to make a research on his thought. The whole thesis which was failed into three parts, based on intrduction of social and academic background and Zhang er-qi's life experiences, has expounded Zhang er-qi's thought.In Chinese history, between Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty was a period of violent political and social upheveal. This sudden historical change deepened scholars thought state, so aroused self-examination, animadversion and sum-up of Neo-Confucianism and Chinese traditional culture. Scholars tended to refute Wang-yang ming school's doctorine and return to Zhu xi school's doctorine. They resolutely overcome the hollow of Wang-yang ming school's doctorine and make a point of performing function. In addition to ,there were much innovation in thought content, scholars amended and developed Neo-Confucian prpositionZhang er-qi's experiences was brief, before Qing Dynasty replaced Ming Dynasty he mainly read and took part in public examination of official. After Qing Dynasty set up he gave up public examination and become a teacher in village neiberhood and then on concentrated on writing. As a teacher in village, his thought system which connected with current thought of that time had innovation and temporization. He absolutely advocated Zhu xi school and drasticaly animadverted the hollow of Wang-yang ming school, considered that inner culture and outer culturewere same important. He amened Cheng and zhu's view of Li (礼) and Qi, he brought forward the theory of "source of Qi" and refuted religious superstition by theory of "Tao of Heaven is natural". Moreover, he advanced the theory of "six classis was Li (礼 ) " and* ingeminated Confucian moral spirits which mainly aimed at the hollow of Wang yang ming school's doctorine and the demoralization since the later of Ming Dynasty.Zhang er-qi's thought was closely linked to the thought of that time, primarily aimed at malady of Wang-yang ming school. His thought which was morderate and virtual presented a scholarship direction in his times and had spirits and consciousness of times.