| During Ming and Qing Dynasties, the numbers of book-writing people, the numbers of books and the level of books all reached a high level, which made a booming complexion. Butthe articles and the books about the research of Dian People's book of predecessors are seldom seen. Some professionals such as Fang Shumei, Li Xiaoyuan and many local records have compiled the bibliographies of Dian People's books, while they didn't conclude them by geographical distribution and summarize them. That means there are no books about Ynunan scientific history. I am interested in the culture and books of Yunnan, So I hope I can explore the academic of local people through the topic. The economy and culture of Yunnan made great progress during Ming and Qing Dynasties. With the policy of economical development and center government developing education. Under the prompt of clerisy and some officers who cared about education, the culture and education made great progress. The books of Dian People were booming.According to my statistics. In Ming Dynasty there were 137 Confucianism schools, 261 literary JINSHI(a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations),261 book-writing people and 505 kinds of books; Till Qing Dynasty, the number of Confucianism schools added to 299 the number of literary JINSHI 684, the number of book-writer reached 778,the number of books were 1169, According to the statistics of the geographical distribution of book-writer, in Ming dynasty the number of book-writer in center Yunnan were 27.6% of the total province, the kinds of books were 28.9%; In Qing dynasty, the number were 29.6%,and the bids were 26.4% of them the numbers in Kunming, Anning, Jinning were the most, In Ming Dynasty the numbers of book-writers in the west of Yunnan were 34.9%,the bids of books were35.6%. Till Qing Dynasty, each of them reached 31.1% and 33.0% of them Dali, Langqiong, Zhaozhou., Baoshan were the most .In Ming Dynasty the two of them in the south Yunnan were22.2% and 19.0% of the total province. In Qing Dynasty they reached 24.0% and 23.7%. Of them Jianshui, Shiping, Mengzi, Tonghai were the most. The other regions of Yunnan were by a finger's breadth. The books includes scripture, history, collection, refer history, society, current affairs, academic, culture, and so on. The article analysis Ming and Qing Dynasty Dian people's book-writing and brief appraise the author of Dian region. The factor of political., economy and society influenced the distribution of schools and people, the books of Ming and Qing Dynasties Dian People were limited by history geographic, economy, culture and education. So the schools and scholars were most in the political center or some high economy, culture regions. Such as Yunnanfu , Dalifu., Linanfu, Chuxiongfu and Qujingfu. In these regions , during Ming and Qing Dynasties there become a lot of scholars and book-writers, such as Mu family and Qian Feng in Kunming , Yang Yiqing in Anning, Lan Mao in Songming, Li Yuanyang in Taihe, Shi Fan in Zhaozhou, Wang Song in Langqiong, Zhang Zhichun and Zhang Han in Tengchong, Xu Yinfang and Yuan Jiagu in Shiping, Mu Family in Lijiang, Tao Ting, Yu Jing,Liu Liansheng in Chuxiong. Besides, there are many things worth researching. Such as national history research records and local chronicles.I hope this article can be useful of Ming and Qing Dynasties Dian people book-writing research and development western region, construct great national province nowadays. There have some questions to explain that it is difficult to define Dian people and the dates were collected from different documents. In addition my ability is limited. So there are many mistakes in the article. Entreat experts direct me respectfully!... |
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