Late Qing Reform Thought Study

With the great changes after the Opium War, there 're three differences in the society of Late Qing Dynasty: Conservatives, reformists and revolutionaries, Among the three, the reformists advocate that the step-by-step revolution should be carried out from top to bottom so as to fulfill the transform from traditional society to the modem society and make the country rich and build up its military power.Firstly, The main idea of reformists' in the Late Qing Dynasty1 .The analysis of the conception of reform.The reform and revolution in the Late Qing Dynasty are consistent in the general orientation, that's to say, the goal of both of them is to make the country rich and build up its military power and put an end to the backwardness of the country. But they differ from each other in style and concrete process,and the results are different. In the Late Qing Dyansty, the reform was carried out without achieving the desirable results and later the revolution broke out.2.The main idea of the the reform thought.The selection of the route of reform was decided by the objective circumstances of that time.In china, the basic requirements are the industrialization of economy and democratization of politics.The development of the former should be given priority to because of its urgency. A series of demands of reform thinkers in the Late Qing Dynasty reflect the demands of the industrialization of economy and democratization of the politics.In economy, the reformists suggested that they'd attach importance to the development of military industry, the development of science, technology and business. In politics, they suggested that they should pay attention to the talent, learn from the democratic parliamentarism ,dessemjnate human rights, freedom and equatity, etc.3.The goal of the reform.IThe basic goal of the reformists is the same: to realize the industrialization of economy and the democratization of politics. But there're different goals at dieffrent stages.However, the reform has achieved much more in economy than in politics. The reasons are as follows: 1 .The law of its own development. 2.The law of cognition of human beings.3 .Deep-rooted mind of autocratic feudalism.4.Defects of the thought of political reform.4. The process of reform.With the changes of the circumstances the reform thought developed processively,so did the reform process.Generally speaking,there're four stages in the reform. 1 .Ferment stage .2. Stage that takes economic reform as the dominant factor.3 .Stage that changes direction to the political reform.4.Stage that takes political reform as the dominant factor.Secondly, the basic character of the reform thought in the Late QingoDynasty.1 .The choice of basic route is to "learn from the west"At that time the reformists have no choice but to learn from the west.It's not until the Movement of "May, 4th"when the Chinese had the second choice" to take the path of the Russian trodden ".Reform and revolution reach the same goal by different routes in learning from the west.2. The basic direction of value is "Zhong Ti Zhong Xue"They stick to the basic direction of value"Zhong Ti" "Zhong Xue", trying to connect the "Yong" in capitalism with "Ti" in feudalism together, but they can't make their statement consistent.More important , they valued"Zhong Ti" but despised"Xi Yong"in practical operation which caused the failure of the reform.3 .The basis of basic theory are the View of traditional variation, the Gong Yang San Shi Shuo and the evolutionism of society.The View of Chinese traditional variation and Gong Yang San Shi Shuo belong to "Zhong Xue", and the evolutionism of society belong to "Xi Xue".The thinkers27succeeded in transforming the View of traditional variation and Gong Yang San Shi Shuo with capitalist evolutionism.4.The basic way is step-by-step reform carried out from top to bottom in the system.Reform is carried out within the syst...